Series of Quinone-Containing Nanosensors for Biologically Relevant Redox Potential Determination by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

Redox potential is of key importance in the control and regulation of cellular function and lifecycle, and previous approaches to measuring the biological redox potential noninvasively in real time are limited to areas of hypoxia or normoxia. In this paper, we extend our previous work on nanoparticle-based intracellular nanosensors to cover a much wider redox potential range of -470 to +130 mV vs NHE, which includes the redox potential range occupied by cells in a state of oxidative stress. The nanosensors are rationally designed to target different areas of this redox potential range and are monitored by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which will permit noninvasive real-time imaging of cells undergoing oxidative stress.

Highly selective and sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering nanosensors for detection of hydrogen peroxide in living cells

“…For example, mobile and biocompatible pH nanosensors have been designed by modifying 4-mercaptobenzoic acid on gold nanoaggregates (Kneipp et al, 2007;Kennedy et al, 2009). Redox potential SERS nanosensors have been developed by decorating a noble-metal nanoshell with redox-responsive small molecules (Auchinvole et al, 2012;Thomson et al, 2015). Also, we have fabricated a novel SERS nanosensor by functionalizing gold nanoparticles with oxidized cytochrome c for the selective and sensitive monitoring of intracellular superoxide anion radical (Qu et al, 2013).…”

Intracellular and Cellular Detection by SERS‐Active Plasmonic Nanostructures

“…These nanosensors proved to be effective under hypoxic, normoxic, or more oxidizing conditions. Additionally, a series of real‐time SERS nanosensors were developed to monitor redox potential over a wider range of −400 to 100 mV versus NHE . Campbell et al.…”

“…Additionally,aseries of real-time SERS nanosensorsw ere developed to monitor redox potential over a wider range of À400 to 100 mV versus NHE. [23] Campbelle tal. developed aS ERS platform for simultaneous intracellular redox potentialand pH measurements in living cells.…”

Vibrational spectroscopy as a tool for studying drug-cell interaction: Could high throughput vibrational spectroscopic screening improve drug development?

“…An array of nanosensors with different small molecule functionalities has already been developed to measure redox potential in different intracellular redox environments. [89,90] Again, these SERS nanosensors have the benefit of multiplexing capability and have been used to measure both intracellular pH and redox potential simultaneously (Figure 3(e)). [91] 7.…”