Sericin–carboxymethyl cellulose porous matrices as cellular wound dressing material

Abstract

In this study, porous three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel matrices are fabricated composed of silk cocoon protein sericin of non-mulberry silkworm Antheraea mylitta and carboxymethyl cellulose. The matrices are prepared via freeze-drying technique followed by dual cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and aluminum chloride. The microstructure of the hydrogel matrices is assessed using scanning electron microscopy and biophysical characterization are carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The transforming growth factor β1 release from the cross-linked matrices as a growth factor is evaluated by immunosorbent assay. Live dead assay and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay show no cytotoxicity of blended matrices toward human keratinocytes. The matrices support the cell attachment and proliferation of human keratinocytes as observed through scanning electron microscope and confocal images. Gelatin zymography demonstrates the low levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and insignificant amount of MMP-9 in the culture media of cell seeded matrices. Low inflammatory response of the matrices is indicated through tumor necrosis factor alpha release assay. The results indicate that the fabricated matrices constitute 3D cell-interactive environment for tissue engineering applications and its potential use as a future cellular biological wound dressing material.

Gelatin‐polysaccharide composite scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering: Towards natural therapeutics

“…Cellulose derivatives, such as CMC and MC, ethyl cellulose, acetyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose have frequently been used to formulate hydrogels, 110 nanoparticles (e.g., nanowhiskers), 111 and nanofibers. 112 Moreover, in combination with other synthetic and natural polymers, such as proteins, 113 in particular gelatin, 114-119 a wide range of applications [120][121][122][123][124][125][126] have been demonstrated for these composite materials as scaffolds for 3D cellular engineering. 127,128 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the ECM may be mimicked by electrospinning partially sulfated cellulose with gelatin, yielding functional fibrous structures.…”

Silk Protein Sericin: Promising Biopolymer for Biological and Biomedical Applications

“…Three-dimensional scaffolds of sericin with PVA crosslinked with genepin show accelerated healing of full-thickness wounds [56,57]. Sericin/polyvinyl alcohol scaffolds using ethyl alcohol (EtOH), and a blend of carboxymethyl cellulose with sericin appear to be effective for wound healing applications [58,59]. In vitro proliferation and migration of co-cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts on sericin Hope porous matrices have been studied [60].…”

Synthesis and characterization of polysaccharide hydrogel based on hydrophobic interactions

“…Polysaccharides, such as CMC, have long been used for the preparation of hydrogels, specifically for biological purposes . CMC has found uses as wound dressings, by itself, or in conjunction with other materials . The wound‐healing capabilities of CMC may be further enhanced through implantation of nanoparticles .…”

“…[16][17][18] CMC has found uses as wound dressings, 7 by itself, 19,20 or in conjunction with other materials. 21,22 The wound-healing capabilities of CMC may be further enhanced through implantation of nanoparticles. 23 It has also used in drug delivery 24,25 and tissue engineering applications.…”