Serial measurement of glyphosate blood concentration in a glyphosate potassium herbicide-intoxicated patient: A case report

Cho, Yong Chul; Jeong, Wonjoon; Kim, Suncheun; Choi, Hyun-Soo; You, Yeonho; Cho, Sunguk; Oh, Suyeon; Ahn, Hongjoon; Min, Jin Hong

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.04.042

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Some GLY may not be metabolized in urine samples collected one hour after exposure, resulting in a higher ratio of GLY and its metabolite concentration than that of urine samples collected 24 h later. Cho et al [42] measured the urinary concentration of GLY and AMPA in a patient with acute GLY potassium poisoning and found that the concentration of GLY decreased rapidly after oral administration of GLY for six hours [42]. According to the measured data, the concentration of GLY was one order of magnitude higher than that of AMPA, which was similar to our study results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Concentration Distribution and Analysis of Urinary Glyphosate and Its Metabolites in Occupationally Exposed Workers in Eastern China

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: There are few published studies concerning occupational exposure to glyphosate (GLY), and these are limited to spraying, horticulture and other agricultural aspects. Therefore, the concentration of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in the urine of workers exposed to glyphosate during glyphosate production was determined, and the relationship between internal (urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentration) and external exposure dose (time weighted average (TWA) value of glyphosate in the air of workplace) was analyzed. Methods: To avoid the influence of preparations, we selected people who were only involved in GLY production (without exposure to its preparations) as our research subjects. We collected 134 urine samples of workers exposed to GLY (prototype, not preparation). The urinary concentrations of GLY and AMPA (internal exposure dose) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The subjects’ exposure to the amount of GLY in the air (external dose) was determined using ion chromatography. Conventional statistical methods, including quartiles, t-tests and regression analysis, were applied for data processing. Results: An on-site investigation revealed that the workers involved in centrifugation, crystallization, drying, and packaging and feeding were exposed to GLY. The TWA value of GLY in the workshop air was <0.02 mg/m3–34.58 mg/m3. The detection rates of GLY and AMPA in the urine samples were 86.6% and 81.3%, respectively. The concentration of urinary GLY was <0.020–17.202 mg/L (median, 0.292 mg/L). The urinary AMPA concentration was <0.010 mg/L–2.730 mg/L (median, 0.068 mg/L). The geometric means were 0.262 mg/L and 0.072 mg/L for GLY and AMPA, respectively. There was a correlation between the urinary concentration of GLY and AMPA and the TWA value of exposed workers (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.914 and 0.683, respectively; p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a correlation between the urinary concentration of GLY and AMPA in the exposure group (r = 0.736, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The urinary concentration of GLY and AMPA of workers was correlated with the TWA value of workers’ exposure, which could reflect the actual exposure of the workers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Concentration Distribution and Analysis of Urinary Glyphosate and Its Metabolites in Occupationally Exposed Workers in Eastern China

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Therefore, our study aimed at evaluating the long‐lasting effects of GBH or GLY on neurodevelopmental critical processes, such as proliferation and differentiation. The concentration used in our experiments (2.5 ppm) is in the range of residues found in several food types (0.001–18.53 ppm), 37,38 and cases of mild‐acute intoxication (11.48–61 ppm), 39–40 but higher than the one measured in umbilical cord serum (0.2–94.9 ppb) and the estimated for chronic ingestion 41,42 . It is worthy of note that in several studies the biological effects of whole GBH formulations are not taken into account, when GLY concentrations are reported in food or biological fluids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Glyphosate‐based herbicide induces long‐lasting impairment in neuronal and glial differentiation

Reis

Raciti

Rodriguez

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are among the most sold pesticides in the world.There are several formulations based on the active ingredient glyphosate (GLY) used along with other chemicals to improve the absorption and penetration in plants. The final composition of commercial GBH may modify GLY toxicological profile, potentially enhancing its neurotoxic properties. The developing nervous system is particularly susceptible to insults occurring during the early phases of development, and exposure to chemicals in this period may lead to persistent impairments on neurogenesis and differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-lasting effects of a sub-cytotoxic concentration, 2.5 parts per million of GBH and GLY, on the differentiation of human neuroepithelial stem cells (NES) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). We treated NES cells with each compound and evaluated the effects on key cellular processes, such as proliferation and differentiation in daughter cells never directly exposed to the toxicants. We found that GBH induced a more immature neuronal profile associated to increased PAX6, NESTIN and DCX expression, and a shift in the differentiation process toward glial cell fate at the expense of mature neurons, as shown by an increase in the glial markers GFAP, GLT1, GLAST and a decrease in MAP2. Such alterations were associated to dysregulation of key genes critically involved in neurogenesis, including PAX6, HES1, HES5, and DDK1.Altogether, the data indicate that subtoxic concentrations of GBH, but not of GLY, induce long-lasting impairments on the differentiation potential of NES cells.

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“…Intentional or unintentional poisoning is however associated with higher levels. In cases of chlorpyrifos, paraquat, or glyphosate poisoning by ingestion, serum levels at 5 mg/L, >100 mg/L, and 10 mg/L, respectively, have been reported (Cho et al, 2019; Gil et al, 2008; Martinez et al, 2004). Based on this, future in vitro studies should apply lower doses and study designs that better mimic a more chronic exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of single and combined pesticides used by Bolivian farmers

Cuenca

Galvão

Endirlik

et al. 2021

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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We previously showed that farmers in Bolivia are exposed to many pesticides, some at elevated levels, and that this was associated with increased risk of genetic damage. To improve the understanding of possible mixture effects, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of pesticides were studied in vitro using human liver HepG2 cells. The studied pesticides were 2,4‐D, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, glyphosate, methamidophos, paraquat, profenofos, and tebuconazole. Three mixtures (U1, U2, and U3) were based on profiles of urinary pesticide metabolites and one mixture on the most frequently used pesticides (S1). The results showed that paraquat and methamidophos were the most cytotoxic pesticides (EC50 ≤0.3 mM). Paraquat, chlorpyrifos, tebuconazole, and the U1, U2, and U3 mixtures, which contained a large proportion of either chlorpyrifos or tebuconazole, significantly increased intracellular ROS levels. Most pesticides activated DNA damage signaling through proteins Chk1 and H2AX. Strongest responses were elicited by paraquat, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and the S1 mixture, which contained 25% paraquat. Comet assay revealed significant increases of DNA damage in response to paraquat, cypermethrin, and U2 and S1 mixtures, which contained high levels of cypermethrin and paraquat, respectively. In summary, we showed that the tested pesticides, alone or in mixtures, in general induced oxidative stress and that most pesticides, and especially paraquat and cypermethrin, were genotoxic in HepG2 cells. We could also show that mixtures dominated by these two pesticides displayed a marked genotoxic potency, which agreed with our previous population studies.

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Serial measurement of glyphosate blood concentration in a glyphosate potassium herbicide-intoxicated patient: A case report

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Concentration Distribution and Analysis of Urinary Glyphosate and Its Metabolites in Occupationally Exposed Workers in Eastern China

Concentration Distribution and Analysis of Urinary Glyphosate and Its Metabolites in Occupationally Exposed Workers in Eastern China

Glyphosate‐based herbicide induces long‐lasting impairment in neuronal and glial differentiation

In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of single and combined pesticides used by Bolivian farmers

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