Serial intralesional steroid injection combined with balloon dilation as an alternative to open repair of subglottic stenosis

Histopathological effect of balloon dilation in a live rabbit: Implications for the pediatric airway

“…In many published case series, the authors do not explain their rationale for choosing a particular balloon diameter . Other authors select different diameters corresponding to the normal age‐appropriate airway size, 1‐mm larger than an age‐appropriate endotracheal tube, 2‐mm to 4‐mm larger than the normal airway diameter, or 100% to 125% of the normal airway diameter .…”

Cricoid split for acute subglottic injury in the older child

“…Repeated endoscopic ballooning is a new technique for the treatment of both soft and firm subglottic stenosis [9,10] and has been used in neonates and infants who have not had an acute airway injury [9,10] but was unsuccessful in one of our patients. Optimal balloon pressures and sizes are yet to be determined in this new technique, and the grade of stenosis, as well as the age and size of the patient may affect the results.…”

Endoscopic anterior cricoid split with balloon dilation in infants with failed extubation

“…More recently, BD techniques have been introduced in treating airway pathology 15–19. Presumably, BD provides two advantages to bougie dilation.…”

“…Several authors have reported successful results of BD in treatment of SGI 15, 16, 18, 19. Durden and Sobol published a series of 10 patients with grade II‐III SGS who underwent BD treatment 15.…”

“…In three of these seven patients, serial balloon procedures were required. Edmondson and Bent used serial BD with steroid injection to avoid tracheostomy in an extubated (but symptomatic) 11 month old with subglottic ulcerations after intubation for acute laryngitis 16. Lee and Rutter reported similarly successful results in adults with idiopathic SGS 18.…”