Serial and parallel processing in rhesus monkey auditory cortex

Rauschecker, Josef P.; Tian, Baofeng; Pons, T. P.; Mishkin, Mortimer

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970526)382:1<89::aid-cne6>3.3.co;2-y

Cited by 246 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…In the monkey, the primary auditory cortex is subdivided into three fields, A1, R, and RT, which together correspond to the architectonic core and each have primary-like features, including direct thalamic input (ventral medial geniculate nucleus, Rauschecker et al, 1997). The neurons of each field respond to tones over a limited frequency range and are spatially arranged according to preferred frequencies-tonotopy (Brugge and Merzenich, 1973;Morel et al, 1993;Kaas and Hackett, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Human Primary Auditory Cortex Follows the Shape of Heschl's Gyrus

Costa¹,

Zwaag²,

Marques³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

259

294

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The primary auditory cortex (PAC) is central to human auditory abilities, yet its location in the brain remains unclear. We measured the two largest tonotopic subfields of PAC (hA1 and hR) using high-resolution functional MRI at 7 T relative to the underlying anatomy of Heschl's gyrus (HG) in 10 individual human subjects. The data reveals a clear anatomical-functional relationship that, for the first time, indicates the location of PAC across the range of common morphological variants of HG (single gyri, partial duplications, and complete duplications). In 20/20 individual hemispheres, two primary mirror-symmetric tonotopic maps were clearly observed with gradients perpendicular to HG. PAC spanned both divisions of HG in cases of partial and complete duplications (11/20 hemispheres), not only the anterior division as commonly assumed. Specifically, the central union of the two primary maps (the hA1-R border) was consistently centered on the full Heschl's structure: on the gyral crown of single HGs and within the sulcal divide of duplicated HGs. The anatomicalfunctional variants of PAC appear to be part of a continuum, rather than distinct subtypes. These findings significantly revise HG as a marker for human PAC and suggest that tonotopic maps may have shaped HG during human evolution. Tonotopic mappings were based on only 16 min of fMRI data acquisition, so these methods can be used as an initial mapping step in future experiments designed to probe the function of specific auditory fields.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Human Primary Auditory Cortex Follows the Shape of Heschl's Gyrus

Costa¹,

Zwaag²,

Marques³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

259

294

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The left AC can discriminate direction of frequency changes only if discrete steps are available for which it shows a fine discrimination, i.e., it seems to develop a directional discrimination from a local perspective of the time-frequency structure of such steps. Thus, our results support the view that auditory patterns are conceptually analyzed-comparable with visual patterns (47,53,(55)(56)(57)(58)-by local (sequential, analytic, relational) processing, preferentially in the left hemisphere, and/or global (parallel, holistic, unitary) processing, preferentially in the right hemisphere (52,53,59). This local/global interpretation should be confirmed by further animal studies, e.g., by experiments testing the smallest gap duration that would be sufficient for sequential processing or by experiments using the same stimuli that must be classified in different ways (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global versus local processing of frequency-modulated tones in gerbils: An animal model of lateralized auditory cortex functions

Wetzel

Ohl

Scheich

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Hemispheric asymmetries of speech and music processing might arise from more basic specializations of left and right auditory cortex (AC). It is not clear, however, whether such asymmetries are unique to humans, i.e., consequences of speech and music, or whether comparable lateralized AC functions exist in nonhuman animals, as evolutionary precursors. Here, we investigated the cortical lateralization of perception of linearly frequency-modulated (FM) tones in gerbils, a rodent species with human-like lowfrequency hearing. Using a footshock-reinforced shuttle-box avoidance go/no-go procedure in a total of 178 gerbils, we found that (i) the discrimination of direction of continuous FM (rising versus falling sweeps, 250-ms duration) was impaired by right but not left AC lesions; (ii) the discrimination of direction of segmented FM (50-ms segments, 50-ms silent gaps, total duration 250 ms) was impaired by bilateral but not unilateral AC lesions; (iii) the discrimination of gap durations (10 -30 ms) in segmented FM was impaired by left but not right AC lesions. AC lesions before and after training resulted in similar effects. Together, these experiments suggest that right and left AC, even in rodents, use different strategies in analyzing FM stimuli. Thus, the right AC, by using global cues, determines the direction of continuous and segmented FM but cannot discriminate gap durations. The left AC, by using local cues, discriminates gap durations and determines FM direction only when additional segmental information is available.asymmetry ͉ lateralization ͉ rodents

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“…Being delivered through a pair of speakers, the tone was perceived at the midline and thus colocalized with the visual stimulus. We opted to use a pure tone stimulus because previous research has shown that core (i.e., primary) auditory cortices respond best to pure tones, whereas belt (i.e., nonprimary) cortices respond best to complex tones and white noise bursts (Rauschecker et al, 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%