Serangan Karat Daun Kopi (Hemileia vastatrix B et Br) pada Tanaman Kopi Arabika di Perkebunan Rakyat Kabupaten Mandailing Natal Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Kabupaten Mandailing Natal merupakan daerah penghasil kopi di Sumatera Utara. Salah satu factor pembatas produksi kopi di kabupaten ini adalah adanya serangan penyakit karat daun yang disebabkan oleh Hemileia vastatrix. Namun informasi sebaran dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi di kabupaten ini belum ada.Padaha linformasi ini diperlukan untuk menentukan strategi pengendalian yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keparahan penyakit dan pemetaan sebaranpenyakit karat daun kopi pada perkebunan kopi rakyat di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode purposive random sampling (PRS) di tiga kecamatan masing-masing Kecamatan Pakantan, Puncak Sorik Marapi dan Ulu Pungkut dengan lokasi geografis 0° 10° – 1° 50° LU dan 98° 50° – 100° 10° BT dengan ketinggian tempatantara 861-1353 meter diatas permukaan laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyakit karat daun kopi telah tersebar pada letak geografis 0°10°-1°50°LU dan 98°50°-100°10°BT dengan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi tertinggi yaitu 45% terdapat di Desa Huta Namale, Kecamatan Puncak Sorik Marapi, sebaliknya keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi yang terendah terdapatdi Desa Huta Julu, Kecamatan Pakantan yaitu sebesar1%. Faktor suhu, ketinggian tempat dan jarak tanam berkorelasi sangat rendah terhadap tingkat kejadian dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi.
 Mandailing Natal Regency is a coffee-producing area in North Sumatra. One of the limiting factors for coffee production in this district is the attack of coffee leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix. The information on the distribution and severity of coffee leaf rust disease in this district is needed to determine its control strategy. This study aims to determine the severity of the disease and the mapping of the spread of coffee leaf rust disease on people's coffee plantations in Mandailing Natal District. The study was carried out by purposive random sampling (PRS) method in three sub-districts of Pakantan Subdistrict, Sorik Marapi and Ulu Pungkut Peak with a geographical location of 0 ° 10 ° - 1 ° 50 ° N and 98 ° 50 ° - 100 ° 10 ° with the altitude between 861-1353 meters above sea level. The results showed that the coffee leaf rust disease was spread over a geographical location of 0 ° 10 ° -1 ° 50 ° N and 98 ° 50 ° -100 ° 10 ° East with the highest severity of coffee leaf rust disease, 45% in Huta Namale Village, District Sorik Marapi Peak, on the contrary the lowest severity of coffee leaf rust disease is in Huta Julu Village, Pakantan District, which is equal to 1%. Temperature, altitude, and spacing factors are very low correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust disease.

Resistance Variability of Arabica Coffee Genotypes (Coffea arabica L.) to Leaf Rust Disease (Hemileia vastatrix)

“…Furthermore, around 50% of Arabica coffee genotypes had moderate resistance ( 11.44%) (Table 2). This result was in accordance with other research that stated Arabica coffee cultivars had a variation in leaf rust severity in Brazil (Grossi et al, 2013), and Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra (Siska et al, 2018). In addition, the variation was also found in Liberica coffee genotypes in Kepulauan Meranti (Harni et al, 2015).…”

“…In Central America, this fungus caused major damage which implicated loss jobs of around 1.7 million coffee workers and loss income around $3.2 billion in 2017 (World Coffee Research, n.d.). Meanwhile, in Mandailing District of North Sumatra, this fungus infected 39 Arabica coffee plantations with the severity ranging from 1% to 45% and an average of 15.8% (Siska, Lubis, & Lisnawita, 2018).…”

Resistance of genotypes of arabica coffee against rust on leaf of coffee plant in different locations in Province of North Sumatra, Indonesia

“…In Indonesia and North Sumatra Province, data of RLCP incidence and severity is not yet available comprehensively. Some research results in this province reported that this fungus covered some farms of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) [2,3].…”

Response of arabica coffee populations on coffee leaf rust in two weather conditions in North Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Due to the epidemic, around two million coffee workers lost their jobs and caused an income loss of approximately around three billion USD [3]. Coffee plants in some farms in North Sumatra were infected by these fungus [4] [5]. Coffee is very important for North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, meanwhile, this Province had a large number of coffee farmers (households) [6].…”