Sequestration of Organic Carbon Influenced by the Application of Straw Residue and Farmyard Manure in Two Different Soils

Abstract

Soil organic carbon is one of the most important soil components, which acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2. This study focuses on the effect of different methods of organic matter application on the soil organic carbon sequestration in a 4-month experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions. Three rates of straw residue and farmyard manure were added to uncultivated and cropland soils. Two treatments of straw residue and farmyard manure incorporation were used into: a soil surface layer and 0-20 cm soil depth. The result showed that the application of organic matter, especially the farmyard manure incorporation led to a significant increase in the final soil organic carbon content. Higher amounts of soil organic carbon were stored in the cropland soil than in the uncultivated soil. On average, the soil surface layer treatment caused a higher sequestration of soil organic carbon compared to the whole soil depth treatment. If higher rates of organic matter were added to the soils, lower carbon sequestration was observed and vice versa. The result indicated that the carbon sequestration ranged farmyardmanure > strawresidue and cropland soil > uncultivated soil. The findings of this research revealed the necessity of paying more attention to the role of organic residue management in carbon sequestration and prevention of increasing global warming.

CO<sub>2</sub> emission and structural characteristics of two calcareous soils amended with municipal solid waste and plant residue

“…Mangalassery et al (2013) found that both texture and aggregate size significantly influenced CO 2 emission in two contrasting soil textures. Mahmoodabadi and Heydarpour (2014) found that CO 2 emission from a coarse-textured soil is relatively higher than a fine-textured soil. Sey et al (2008) reported that higher levels of CO 2 were emitted from microaggregates (< 0.25 mm) compared to macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm).…”

“…Apart from the type and application rate of organic inputs, soil texture plays an important role in carbon stock. Mahmoodabadi and Heydarpour (2014) found that the level of CO 2 emission to the atmosphere is much more in a coarse-textured soil compared to a fine-textured soil. Furthermore, cover and also vegetation are some other parameters controlling the content of soil organic carbon (Cerdà, 1998b;Cerdà and Doerr, 2005;Jiménez et al, 2013;Mahmoodabadi and Cerdà, 2013;Cerdà et al, 2014Cerdà et al, , 2016.…”

“…Moreover, MSW compost caused higher increases in CO 2 emission as a function of SOC than did AR. This can be partly attributed to the fact that most of the carbon supplied by MSW comprises easily degradable material to be used as an energy and nutrient source for soil microorganisms, resulting in the increased soil microbial respiration (Ferreras et al, 2006;Mahmoodabadi and Heydarpour, 2014). It is well known that the microbial decomposition processes are controlled by the substrate quality (e.g., lignin and polyphenol content) and the availability of labile carbon (Koranda et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2015).…”

“…In some studies, the C : N ratio has been attributed to the rate of decomposability of organic inputs; i.e., the lower ratio can be associated with the higher rate of carbon mineralization and CO 2 emission (Majumder et al, 2008). It can be assumed that compared to MSW, the application of AR with less easily degradable components may cause the formation of more stable soil organic complexes, resulting in more resistance against the microbial decomposition (Majumder et al, 2008;Mahmoodabadi and Heydarpour, 2014). Therefore, AR shows slower microbial decomposition as well as a lower mineralization rate (Liu et al, 2010;Cely et al, 2014).…”

“…In this regard, the application of crop residues and manure has been suggested to improve soil quality and to support the sustainable production in agricultural land (Yu and Jia, 2014;Kaleeem Abbasi et al, 2015;Musinguzi et al, 2015;Turgut, 2015). Because the amount of livestock manure as a traditional organic product is limited, crop residue, as an exogenous source of organic matter, has been widely used for the remediation of soil (Benbouali et al, 2013;Mahmoodabadi and Heydarpour, 2014;Novara et al, 2015). The application of organic municipal solid waste (MSW) compost is an alternative approach in agricultural land (Aggelides and Londra, 2000;Ferreras et al, 2006).…”