Sequestration of Ni(II) and Cu(II) using FeSO4 modified Zea mays husk magnetic biochar: Isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamic studies and RSM

Pb (II) Adsorption over Activated Carbon Prepared from Cedrus Deodara Bark by Na2CO3 Activation: Optimal Design for Modelling and Process Optimization

“…It is important to realize that the cost estimation of prepared adsorbent is a crucial component of a water treatment strategy, since it aids scientific communities in making decisions. The cost of adsorbent preparation often varies depending on the price of the raw materials utilised, the techniques employed for modification of the material and the handling cost of the equipments used [66] . Commercial activated carbon is extensively used as sorbent in industrial set ups for water treatment.…”

“…Since it is highly expensive, there is a crucial need for low‐cost alternatives that have similar adsorption capacity but are readily available and economically viable [67] . Table 8 illustrates the cost estimation for preparation of CDAC production based on methods earlier reported in literature [66–68] …”

“…The cost of adsorbent preparation often varies depending on the price of the raw materials utilised, the techniques employed for modification of the material and the handling cost of the equipments used. [66] Commercial activated carbon is extensively used as sorbent in industrial set ups for water treatment. Since it is highly expensive, there is a crucial need for low-cost alternatives that have similar adsorption capacity but are readily available and economically viable.…”

“…[67] Table 8 illustrates the cost estimation for preparation of CDAC production based on methods earlier reported in literature. [66][67][68] For preparation of CDAC, the present study utilized analytical grade Na 2 CO 3 which was freely acquired from the laboratory and the cost of preparation of 1 kg CDAC adsorbent was estimated to be Rs. 63.81.…”

Process Parameter Optimization of 3D-Printer Machine Using Response Surface Method for Printing Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite Slurry

“…It employs linear and polynomial equations (quadratic, cubic, or higher-order functions). RSM offers a unique capability for developing an empirical link between factor variables and experimental design procedure responses [39].…”