Sequential Templating Approach: A Groundbreaking Strategy to Create Hollow Multishelled Structures

Abstract

Thanks to their distinguished properties such as optimized specific surface area, low density, high loading capacity, and sequential matter transfer and storage, hollow multishelled structures (HoMSs) have attracted great interest from scientists in broad fields, including catalysis, drug delivery, solar cells, supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, electromagnetic wave absorption, and sensors. However, traditional synthesis methods such as soft‐templating and hierarchical self‐assembly methods can hardly realize the controllable synthesis of HoMSs, thus limiting their development and application. Here, the development process of HoMSs is first succinctly reviewed and the shortcomings of the traditional synthesis method are concluded. Subsequently, the sequential templating approach, which shows great generality for the synthesis of HoMSs with controllable composition and geometry configuration and exhibits remarkable effect on the scientific research field, is introduced. The basic material science and chemical reaction mechanism involved in the synthesis and manipulation of HoMSs using the sequential templating approach are then explained in detail. In addition, the effect of the geometric characteristics of HoMSs on their application properties is highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions of HoMSs are also suggested.

Interface Electronic Coupling in Hierarchical FeLDH(FeCo)/Co(OH)2 Arrays for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution

“…However, in this mutual doping method, it is hard to keep a balance between the catalytic activity and stability. On the other hand, hybrid and/or multi‐shell catalysts modified and combined with different materials have attracted increasing attention . Many hybrid catalysts, such as FeOOH/Co/FeOOH, Ag/Co(OH) 2 , NiFe 2 O 4 /NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH), FeOOH/NiFe LDHs, Cu@NiFe LDH, and Am‐CFDH/NCNTs, have been prepared.…”

“…On the other hand, hybrid and/or multi-shell catalysts modified and combined with different materials have attracted increasing attention. [33][34][35][36][37][38] Many hybrid catalysts, such as FeOOH/Co/FeOOH, [8] Ag/Co(OH) 2 , [32] NiFe 2 O 4 / NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH), [33] FeOOH/NiFe LDHs, [34] Cu@NiFe LDH, [35] and Am-CFDH/NCNTs, [36] have been prepared. These hybrid catalysts modified by conductive metals or effective promotors alwayss how enhanced electron transfer,r educed overpotential, and improved durability.For example, the Ru@IrO x catalystr eported by Qiao andc oworkers showed at-The oxygen evolution reaction( OER) with sluggish kinetics is the key half-cell reaction for several sustainable energy systems, such as electrochemical water splitting, fuel cells, and rechargeable metal-air batteries.…”

Synthesis of Single‐Component Metal Oxides with Controllable Multi‐Shelled Structure and their Morphology‐Related Applications

“…Several excellent reviews have discussed the recent progress and the synthetic methodology as well as the applications of multi-shelled hollow structure materials. [26][27][28][29] Previous reviews mainly focus on the overall synthesis of multi-shelled materials with hard template methods, soft template methods, and self template methods. However, the specific synthetic approaches for each metal oxide are varied.…”

Synthesis of Ru‐Doped VN by a Soft‐Urea Pathway as an Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution

“…[30,31] Transition metal nitrides (TMNs), known as its special electronic structure, have attracted considerable attention in energy fields. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] TMNs are interstitial compounds, which are composed of the parent metals and nitrogen atoms integrated into the interstitial sites. [43][44][45][46] Intercalating the nitrogen atoms can expand the metal lattice, leading to broaden the metal dband, which causes a greater density of states near the Fermi level.…”