Sequential reductive dehalogenation of chloroanilines by microorganisms from a methanogenic aquifer

Kuhn, Elmar P.; Suflita, Joseph M.

doi:10.1021/es00065a014

Cited by 67 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…DDT is an insecticide that has been banned from general use in the United States since 1973 because of its tendency to bioaccumulate in the food chain and its toxicity to wildlife (52,53). DDT can transform to DDE, an even more toxic compound, through dehydrochlorination (29). Only concentrations of DDE were obtained for this study, with about 6% of the samples analyzed for DDE reporting this compound (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Occurrence of Selected Pesticides and Their Metabolites in Near-Surface Aquifers of the Midwestern United States

Kolpin

Thurman

Goolsby

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

235

162

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The occurrence and distribution of selected pesticides and their metabolites were investigated through the collection of 837 water-quality samples from 303 wells across the Midwest. Results of this study showed that five of the six most frequently detected compounds were pesticide metabolites. Thus, it was common for a metabolite to be found more frequently in groundwater than its parent compound. The metabolite alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (alachlor-ESA; 2-[(2,6-diethylphenyl)(methoxymethyl)amino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) was detected almost 10 times as frequently and at much higher concentrations than its parent compound alachlor (2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide). The median detectable atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) concentration was almost half that of atrazine residue (atrazine plus the two atrazine metabolites analyzed). Cyanazine amide [2-chloro-4-(1-carbamoyl-1-methylethylamino)-6-ethylamino-s-triazine] was detected almost twice as frequently as cyanazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-methylpropionitrileamino-s-triazine). Results show that information on pesticide metabolites is necessary to understand the environmental fate of pesticides. Consequently, if pesticide metabolites are not quantified, the effects of chemical use on groundwater quality would be substantially underestimated. Thus, continued research is needed to identify major degradation pathways for all pesticides and to develop analytical methods to determine their concentrations in water and other environmental media.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Occurrence of Selected Pesticides and Their Metabolites in Near-Surface Aquifers of the Midwestern United States

Kolpin

Thurman

Goolsby

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

235

162

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“…Even at low concentrations of few parts per billion (ppb) these compounds may be hazardous to plants, animals, and humans for long durations (Rick, 1993;Mueller et al, 1996;Rippen, 1995;Sheldon and Hites, 1978). Owing to their slow degradation, phenols, anilines, and triazines represent a major threat to ecosystems (Johnson and Fuhrrnann, 1990;Wolfe, 1980;Agertved et al, 1992;Gaynor and Volk, 1981;Janicke and Hilge, 1977;Kuhn and Suflita 1989;Kondo et al, 1988;Rheinheimer et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption of Organic Compounds by Al and Zr-Hydroxy-Intercalated and Pillared Bentonite

Matthes

Kahr

2000

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstraet~wing to their large and chemically active surface, hydroxy-intercalated and pillared clays can be potent sorbents for organic compounds. The sorption behavior of A1 and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated bentonite (HA1-, HZr-MX80), A1 and Zr-pillared bentonite (A1-MX80, Zr-MX80), and a commercial A1-pillared bentonite (EXM 534) for 3-chloroaniline (3-CA), atrazine (AT), and 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) was investigated. The results were compared with the sorption behavior of the untreated Na-rich bentonite (MX80) and granulated activated carbon (GAC). Also the influence of the salinity of the sorbate and the age of the sorbents was studied.A1 and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonites sorbed higher amounts of 3-CA, AT, and 3-CP than the untreated bentonite. The quantities sorbed related to the electron-donating properties of the sorbate and the acidity of the sorbents. Sorbed quantities increased from the hydroxy-intercalated to the pillared species, and from the AI to the Zr forms. The organic bases, 3-CA and AT, were sorbed in higher quantities than the organic acid 3-CP. For AT, the sorbents exhibited a high affinity. Aging of the samples and a high ionic strength of the sorbate reduced the sorption of 3-CA, whereas the sorptioa of AT was not affected greatly. The sorption capacity of GAC for organic bases was generally higher than that of the hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonites.The data suggest that at initial concentrations at a ppm level, 3-CA and AT can be entirely removed from aqueous solutions by A1 and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonites. These materials, especially Zr-pillared bentonites, represent potent alternative sorbents for atrazine, chloroanilines, and probably a wide range of other organic bases.

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“…The results were consistent with the proposal that chloroanilines were transformed by a preferential dechlorination at para position and the reductive dechlorination of monochloroanilines at low concentration generally did not occur. 27,41 The difficult dechlorination of monochloroanilines may be partly related to the fact that there is usually a threshold concentration in biological systems, below which compounds are not further degraded. At the same time, it may be associated with the exact environmental conditions of the anaerobic bio-treatment system, such as temperature, pH, salinity and water content, oxygen tension (redox potential), availability of nutrients, inhibitory chemicals, and competing organisms, which would affect the enrichment of functional bacteria for the degradation of persistent xenobiotic compounds.…”

Section: Role Of Zvi In Enhancing Clnbs Biotic Dechlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive transformation and dechlorination of chloronitrobenzenes in UASB reactor enhanced with zero-valent iron addition

Lin

Zhu

et al. 2010

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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BACKGROUND: Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is increasingly being applied in biological wastewater treatment to enhance the conversion of various contaminants. The objective of this present study was to investigate the effect of ZVI on the anaerobic biotransformation and dechlorination of chloronitrobenzenes (3,4-DClNB and 4-ClNB). Experiments were conducted in two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, one (R2) with 30 g L −1 ZVI added, and the other (R1), serving as control reactor.

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Sequential reductive dehalogenation of chloroanilines by microorganisms from a methanogenic aquifer

Cited by 67 publications

References 34 publications

Occurrence of Selected Pesticides and Their Metabolites in Near-Surface Aquifers of the Midwestern United States

Occurrence of Selected Pesticides and Their Metabolites in Near-Surface Aquifers of the Midwestern United States

Sorption of Organic Compounds by Al and Zr-Hydroxy-Intercalated and Pillared Bentonite

Reductive transformation and dechlorination of chloronitrobenzenes in UASB reactor enhanced with zero-valent iron addition

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