Sequential endoscopic/laparoscopic management of cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis in children who have sickle cell disease

Results and complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in childhood

“…With respect to the ERCP, the sequential approach of endoscopic sphincterectomy and stone extraction followed by laparoscopic cholecistectomy is a safe and effective method in children as well as adults, although we had no experience with this procedure in our series [1,13]. One important advantage is that laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children can be associated, if necessary, with other technical procedures, such as the closure of a peritoneal vaginal duct in cases of inguinal hernia; thus, a second operation or another incision can be avoided.…”

“…However, there are well-known predisposing factors to the development gallbladder stones in children [3]. Among infants affected by hemolytic disease--hemolytic anemia, for instance--the incidence of gallbladder stones is much higher than the normal population; its reported incidence ranges from I0% to 40% in various series [1,14,21].…”

Safety and long-term outcomes of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation in children with bile duct stones

“…1 Surgery has been traditionally chosen for treatment in pediatric patients with BDSs. [2][3][4][5][6] Currently, however, endoscopic treatment is regarded as a less-invasive treatment than surgery for the treatment of BDSs in pediatric patients as well as in adults.…”

Laparoscopic approach as primary treatment of common bile duct stones in children

“…In adults, it has been proven that the first step of the treatment is a desobstruction of the CBD with ERC and ES [4]. In children, the 2 options, either ES or surgical approach, are discussed [1,5]. Even if the indication of the ES in children is quite rare, the risk for complication must be evaluated.…”