Sequential eluent injection technique as a new approach for the on-line enrichment and speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species on a single column with FAAS detection

Synergistic extraction and separation of chromium(III) from acidic solution with a double-carrier supported liquid membrane

“…Chromium compounds are mostly used in the electroplating industry allowing one to obtain very tight and effective protective coatings [1,2]. Its salts are used as tannins in the tanning industry, enabling the production of high quality leathers [3].…”

Speciation of Chromium in Water Samples by Solid-Phase Extraction on a New Synthesized Adsorbent

“…This type of extraction is often used for the preconcentration and speciation of heavy metals because of many advantages, such as simplicity, high enrichment factor, high recovery, rapid phase separation, low cost and ability for combinations with different detection techniques. 16,17 Many instrumental techniques commonly used for the determination of chromium, such as graphite furnace and flame atomic adsorption spectrometry (GFAAS and FAAS), 18,19 inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) 20 and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 21 , can only yield the total amount of chromium. 2 Chelating resins are superior in selectivity to solvent extraction and ion exchange due to their triple function of ion exchange, chelate formation and physical adsorption.…”

Development of a novel, fast, sensitive method for chromium speciation in wastewater based on an organic polymer as solid phase extraction material combined with HPLC–ICP-MS

“…The Cr(VI) and [Cr(III)-EDTA] À were firstly adsorbed on the minicolumn based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption, then were separated by passing a C18 column quickly. According to the principal of ion exchange, ionpair reagent like TBAH with stronger interaction with the analytes was added in the eluent that quite different from other reports where usually a strong acid was employed in system without HPLC [22,24]. Considering the increasing concentration of ion-pair reagent will prolong the elution times of the chromium species.…”

“…N,N-bis (naphthylideneimino) diethylenetriamine (PS-NAP diene) functionalized polystyrene was developed by M.A. Chamjangal for simultaneous retention of two chromium species on a single minicolumn, and the preconcentration factors for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were 70 and 30, respectively [22].…”