Sequential Development of Long-Term Potentiation and Depression in Different Layers of the Mouse Visual Cortex

Abstract

. Our analysis revealed that LTP and LTD in layer IV principal cells is lost shortly after the eyes open, but persists in layers II/III beyond puberty. These results suggest that plasticity proceeds sequentially through cortical layers in a manner that parallels the flow of information during sensory processing.

Laminar-Specific Maturation of GABAergic Transmission and Susceptibility to Visual Deprivation Are Related to Endocannabinoid Sensitivity in Mouse Visual Cortex

“…In star pyramidal cells in layer 4 of the visual cortex, LTP and LTD of excitatory synapses become uninducible shortly after eye opening, whereas in pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 these forms of synaptic plasticity still persist beyond puberty (Kirkwood et al, 1995;Dudek and Friedlander, 1996;Heynen and Bear, 2001;Jiang et al, 2007). Although previous studies on the laminar difference in LTP and LTD were limited to excitatory synapses, the reported results suggest that the developmental time window for plasticity in layer 4 may be quite different from that in layer 2/3.…”

“…All the recordings were performed at 31°C. Star pyramidal cells in layer 4 and pyramidal cells in layer 2/3 were identified visually under infrared differential interference contrast optics on the basis of their pyramidal somata and prominent apical dendrites as described previously (Jiang et al, 2007). Their morphological identification was further confirmed by biocytin staining after recording.…”

“…Therefore, the GABAergic inhibitory circuits seem to functionally develop in a sequential manner from layers 4 to 2/3 of the visual cortex. Previous studies on excitatory synapses reported that there is a sequential development of the Hebbian form of plasticity across layers in the visual cortex: LTP and LTD become uninducible in layer 4 shortly after the eyes open, whereas they remain inducible in layer 2/3 even in adulthood (Dudek and Friedlander, 1996;Jiang et al, 2007). Moreover, synaptic scaling, another activity-dependent form of synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex, also exhibits an early critical period in layer 4 (Desai et al, 2002) and persists in layer 2/3 in the adult (Goel et al, 2006;Goel and Lee, 2007).…”

The eIF2α kinase PERK limits the expression of hippocampal metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression

“…For PP-LFS studies, mGluR-LTD was induced in the presence of D-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-APV) (50 mM, Sigma) by using 900 paired-pulse stimuli with a 50-msec interstimulus interval delivered at 1 Hz for 20 min. NMDA receptordependent LTD was induced by 900 paired-pulse stimulations with 50-msec interstimulus interval delivered at 1 Hz for 15 min (Jiang et al 2007). For LTP studies, LTP was induced with either one train (E-LTP) or four trains (L-LTP) (5-min intertrain interval [ITI]) of a 100-Hz high-frequency stimulation (HFS) for 1 sec.…”

Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation of Excitatory Synapses on Fast-Spiking GABAergic Neurons in Mouse Visual Cortex

“…Subsequently, however, it was reported that LTP of layer IV stimulation-evoked EPSPs of layer II/III pyramidal cells in the rat visual cortex was age dependent and thus not induced in the adult . More recently it was reported that LTP in the rat visual cortex had laminar-specific critical periods: LTP of excitatory synaptic responses of layer II/III to stimulation of layer IV appeared relatively late during postnatal development; its magnitude peaked by P21 and robust LTP still remained at 6 weeks of postnatal age (Jiang et al, 2007). The present results also showed that LTP of excitatory synapses on FS-GABA neurons in layer II/III of the visual cortex remained at almost the same level after the age of eye opening to P43, suggesting that this form of LTP may be involved in information processing or experience-dependent modification of neuronal circuits in both immature and mature visual cortices.…”