Sequences in the Cratonic Interior of North America

Sloss, L. L.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[93:sitcio]2.0.co;2

Cited by 1,101 publications

(596 citation statements)

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“…Two types of sequence comply with this requirement without exception and at any scale of observation: (1) depositional sequences, bounded by subaerial unconformities and their marine correlative conformities; and (2) genetic stratigraphic sequences, bounded by maximum flooding surfaces and their nonmarine correlative surfaces. The former are consistent with the historical usage of Sloss (1963), although at potentially different scales. The latter may provide a more pragmatic approach in light of ease of interpretation of maximum flooding surfaces relative to subaerial unconformities, especially in sections dominated by marine strata.…”

Section: Standard Workflowsupporting

confidence: 71%

Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy

Catuneanu

Abreu

Bhattacharya

et al. 2009

Earth-Science Reviews

1,256

726

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Part of the Earth Sciences CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska -Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska -Lincoln. AbstractSequence stratigraphy emphasizes facies relationships and stratal architecture within a chronological framework. Despite its wide use, sequence stratigraphy has yet to be included in any stratigraphic code or guide. This lack of standardization reflects the existence of competing approaches (or models) and confusing or even conflicting terminology. Standardization of sequence stratigraphy requires the definition of the fundamental model-independent concepts, units, bounding surfaces and workflow that outline the foundation of the method. A standardized scheme needs to be sufficiently broad to encompass all possible choices of approach, rather than being limited to a single approach or model.A sequence stratigraphic framework includes genetic units that result from the interplay of accommodation and sedimentation (i.e., forced regressive, lowstand and highstand normal regressive, and transgressive), which are bounded by "sequence stratigraphic" surfaces. Each genetic unit is defined by specific stratal stacking patterns and bounding surfaces, and consists of a tract of correlatable depositional systems (i.e., a "systems tract"). The mappability of systems tracts and sequence stratigraphic surfaces depends on depositional setting and the types of data available for analysis. It is this high degree of variability in the precise expression of sequence stratigraphic units and bounding surfaces that requires the adoption of a methodology that is sufficiently flexible that it can accommodate the range of likely expressions. The integration of outcrop, core, well-log and seismic data affords the optimal approach to the application of sequence stratigraphy. Missing insights from one set of data or another may limit the "resolution" of the sequence stratigraphic interpretation. 1 2 c a t u n e a n u e t a l . i n e a r t h -science r e v i e w s 92 (2009)

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Section: Standard Workflowsupporting

confidence: 71%

Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy

Catuneanu

Abreu

Bhattacharya

et al. 2009

Earth-Science Reviews

1,256

726

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“…Global sea-level (eustatic) change is one of the major controls on the sedimentary record in tune with a wide temporal band (e.g., Sloss, 1963;Vail et al, 1977;Kominz et al, 1998;Miller et al, 2005). Vail et al (1977) divided sea-level depositional sequences temporally into six orders ranging from tens of millions years (first-and second-order) to a few tens of thousands years (sixth order).…”

Section: Third-order Eustatic Sequences and The ~16 Myr Magnetic Susmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astronomical calibration of the Toarcian Stage: Implications for sequence stratigraphy and duration of the early Toarcian OAE

Boulila

Galbrun

Huret

et al. 2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

158

138

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The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) of the early Jurassic period involves one of the largest perturbations of the carbon cycle in the past 250 Ma, recorded by a pronounced negative carbon-isotope excursion (CIE). Numerous studies have focused on potential causes of the T-OAE and CIE, but are hampered by an uncertain timescale. Here we present high-resolution (!2 kyr) magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements from the marine marls of the Sancerre-Couy drill-core, southern Paris Basin, spanning the entire Toarcian Stage. The MS variations document a rich series of sub-Milankovitch to Milankovitch frequencies (precession, obliquity and eccentricity) with the periodic g 2 -g 5 (405 kyr) and quasi-periodic g 4 -g 3 (!2.4 Myr Cenozoic mean periodicity) eccentricity terms being the most prominent. The MS-related g 4 -g 3 variation reflects third-order eustatic sequences, and constrains the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Toarcian Stage. In addition, MS variations reveal a modulation of g 2 -g 5 by g 4 -g 3 eccentricity related cycles, suggesting that sea-level change was the main control on the deposition of the Toarcian Sancerre marls, in tune with the astro-climatic frequencies. The stable 405 kyr cyclicity constrains a minimum duration of the Toarcian Stage to !8.3 Myr, and the well documented CIE, associated with the T-OAE, to !300 to 500 kyr. The 405 kyr MS timescale calibrates the periodicity of the prominent high-frequency ! 13 C cycles that occur in the decreasing part of the CIE to 30 to 34 kyr, consistent with the Toarcian obliquity period predicted for an Earth experiencing sustained tidal dissipation.

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“…Our general understanding of sedimentary structures and facies models for turbidite successions was quite advanced and for a large part well established by the 1980s (e.g., Kuenen & Migliorini, 1950;Kuenen & Menard, 1952;Sloss, 1963;Mutti & Ricci-Lucchi, 1975;Payton, 1977;Walker, 1978). The further development of sequence-stratigraphic concepts and the placement of the turbidite system within this framework accelerated during the 1980s and 1990s and major advancements were summed up in significant contributions by Wilgus et al (1988) and Weimer & Posamentier (1994).…”

Section: Earlier Research On Turbidite Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

Henriksen¹,

Roberts²,

Pedersen³

2018

NJG

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The Ordovician metasedimentary rocks in the Caledonian nappes in Mid Norway were deposited in a back-arc setting, following ophiolite obduction, uplift and erosion, related to continental uplift and changing directions of subduction during this period. Deep-water conditions were established in the basin and this accommodated a thick succession of variously coarse-grained, conglomeratic and argillaceous sediments. The conglomerates typically display the well-rounded clast material of variable igneous, volcanic, sedimentary and carbonate origin and alternate between being clast-supported and matrix-supported with interbedded sandstone beds. The rounded clasts suggest significant reworking and long-term storage of sediments in the source area before transport into the deeper part of the basin. The basal surface of conglomerates always shows an erosive contact with underlying shales or coarsening-upward sandstone successions. The basal surfaces probably represent sedimentary fairways, where several conglomerate units separated by erosional contacts are stacked on top of each other. The conglomerate successions likely result from episodic release of large quantities of sediments. Between each burst of release, sediments accumulated in alluvial fans, fan deltas and fluvial delta systems along the basin shoreline and carbonate reefs established on the outer shelf. Laterally accreting channel sandstone beds were probably important in setting up sedimentary fairways for the succeeding conglomerates. In the inferred deepest part of the basin, smaller channellised features and thin-bedded turbidites seem to dominate. Channel features and hummocky cross-stratification in shelf to upper slope sandstone beds are alternatively interpreted to result from unidirectional flows and constitute an integral part of the turbidite system. By including all the observed facies within the turbidite system we invoke a depositional model which does not require a eustacy-driven sequence-stratigraphic model for explanation. We rather suggest a tectonic model involving an elevated source area, either volcanic or continental, where erosional products are stored and reworked in the alluvial accommodation zone. These sediments are built up to a threshold level and flushed to the sea by a sudden availability of large amounts of water. The actual cause of this sudden availability of water remains uncertain, but the consequent mixture of water and sediments resulted in a super-concentrated high-energy density current. Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments IntroductionThe Caledonides of central Norway are especially well known for their fragmented ophiolite assemblages and, in some areas, the overlying, richly fossiliferous, Ordovician to inferred Early Silurian, low-grade metasedimentary rocks (Bergström, 1979(Bergström, , 1997Bruton & Bockelie, 1980;Ryan et al., 1980;Neuman & Bruton, 1989;Neuman et al., 1997). The...

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Sequences in the Cratonic Interior of North America

Cited by 1,101 publications

References 0 publications

Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy

Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy

Astronomical calibration of the Toarcian Stage: Implications for sequence stratigraphy and duration of the early Toarcian OAE

Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

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