Sequences from sea urchin TU transposons are conserved among multiple eucaryotic species, including humans.

Liebermann, D; Hoffman-Liebermann, B; Troutt, A B; Kedes, L; Cohen, S N

doi:10.1128/mcb.6.1.218

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…6 ). This led to the suggestion that IS 26 might be able to transpose via a novel circular form called translocatable units (TU) [ 106 , 107 ] (not to be confused with those originally described in the sea urchin and other eukaryotes [ 109 ]) such as those shown in Fig. 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IS6 family, a clinically important group of insertion sequences including IS26

Varani

Siguier

et al. 2021

Mobile DNA

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The IS6 family of bacterial and archaeal insertion sequences, first identified in the early 1980s, has proved to be instrumental in the rearrangement and spread of multiple antibiotic resistance. Two IS, IS26 (found in many enterobacterial clinical isolates as components of both chromosome and plasmids) and IS257 (identified in the plasmids and chromosomes of gram-positive bacteria), have received particular attention for their clinical impact. Although few biochemical data are available concerning the transposition mechanism of these elements, genetic studies have provided some interesting observations suggesting that members of the family might transpose using an unexpected mechanism. In this review, we present an overview of the family, the distribution and phylogenetic relationships of its members, their impact on their host genomes and analyse available data concerning the particular transposition pathways they may use. We also provide a mechanistic model that explains the recent observations on one of the IS6 family transposition pathways: targeted cointegrate formation between replicons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IS6 family, a clinically important group of insertion sequences including IS26

Varani

Siguier

et al. 2021

Mobile DNA

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“…There is no obvious sequence similarity between the SV40 early promoter and the region extending from -1071 to reported, however, that an enhancer factor may recognize the secondary structure rather than the primary structure of DNA (23,33). It has also been shown that a factor might recognize more than one element consisting of quite different sequences (2,31,40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of mouse CYP1A1 gene expression by dioxin: requirement of two cis-acting elements during induction.

Neuhold¹,

Shirayoshi²,

Ozato³

et al. 1989

Mol. Cell. Biol.

122

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The mouse cytochrome P,450 (CYPIAI) gene is responsible for the metabolism of numerous carcinogens and toxic chemicals. Induction by the environmental contaminant tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) requires a functional aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. We examined the 5'-flanking region of the CYPIAI gene in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 wild-type cells and a mutant line having a defect in chromatin binding of the TCDD-receptor complex. We identified two cis-acting elements (distal, -1071 to -901 region; proximal, -245 to -50 region) required for constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYPIAI gene expression. Three classes of DNA-protein complexes binding to the distal element were identified: class I, found only in the presence of TCDD and a functional Ah receptor, that was heat labile and not competed against by simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter DNA; class II, consisting of at least three constitutive complexes that were heat stable and bound to SV40 DNA; and class III, composed of at least three constitutive complexes that were thermolabile and were not competed against by SV40 DNA. Essential contacts for these proteins were centered at -993 to -990 for the class I complex, -987, -986, or both for the class II complexes, and -938 to -927 for the class III complexes. The proximal element was absolutely essential for both constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYPIAI gene expression, and at least two constitutive complexes bound to this region. These data are consistent with the proximal element that binds proteins being necessary but not sufficient for inducible gene expression; interaction of these proteins with those at the distal element was found to be required for full CYPIAJ induction by TCDD.The cytochromes P450 represent a ubiquitous superfamily of heme-containing enzymes that play a unique role in the metabolism of many endogenous substrates as well as innumerable drugs, chemical carcinogens, and other environmental pollutants (26). To date, more than 72 P450 genes in 14 families have been characterized in organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals (26b).More is known about the regulation of the CYPIA7 gene than that of any other P450 gene (D. W. Nebert and J. E. Jones, Int. J. Biochem., in press). CYPIAI encodes P1450, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo(a)pyrene. The gene is inducible by plant flavones; detoxification of plant metabolites in animals may have been the reason for the evolution of this induction process (26). Interestingly, the CYPIAI gene is also inducible by tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), one of the most potent teratogens and tumor promoters known (32).A series of events is known to occur during the CYPIAI induction process (26 and references therein). The polycyclic aromatic inducer enters the cell passively and binds to the aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor with an apparent K<, of <1 nM. The inducer-receptor complex requires a temperature-dependent step in order to gain chromatin-binding properties. Elevated CYPIAl mRNA is known to be a cons...

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“…[36] noted the widespread occurence of long polypurine/polypyrimidine (pPu/pPy) tracts in eukaryotes (including man, sea urchin, Drosophila and maize). These were oftentimes perfect (TC)n or (AG)n repeats [ 19,25] but in some cases had no obvious repeating structure [24].…”

Section: Pyrimidine-rich Sequence Bias Associated With the 5' Untransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse soybean actin transcripts contain a large intron in the 5? untranslated leader: structural similarity to vertebrate muscle actin genes

Pearson¹,

Meagher

1990

Plant Mol Biol

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Plant actins are encoded by complex and highly divergent multigene families. Despite the general lack of intron conservation in animal, fungal and protist actin genes, evidence is presented which indicates that higher plant actin genes have an untranslated leader exon with structural similarity to that found in vertebrate actin genes. All functional higher plant actin genes sequenced to date contain a potential intron acceptor site in the 5' untranslated region 10 to 13 nucleotides upstream of the initiator ATG. A leader specific cDNA probe hybridized to sequences over 1.0 kbp upstream from the coding region confirming the presence of an upstream exon. Primer extension of mRNA with gene-specific oligonucleotides was used to analyze the 5' untranslated exon and leader intron from four divergent soybean actin genes, SAc3, 4, 6 and 7. The 5' ends of all four mRNAs are heterogeneous. The consensus promoter elements of the SAc7 actin promoter were identified. Gene specific primer extension sequencing of actin mRNAs indicated that splicing of the 5' leader intron occurred at the predicted acceptor site in SAc6 and SAc7. The SAc6 and SAc7 5' untranslated exons are small (88-111 nt) and the leader introns are relatively large (844-1496 nt). The presence of an intron within the 5' RNA leader and an intron which splits a glycine codon at position 152 in all plant actin genes and all vertebrate muscle actin genes suggests that these structures may have been conserved due to a functional role in actin expression. The 5' regions of these two soybean actin genes contain many unusual features including (CT) repeats and long stretches of pyrimidine-rich DNA. The possible roles of the upstream exon/intron and the C + T-rich regions are discussed.

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Sequences from sea urchin TU transposons are conserved among multiple eucaryotic species, including humans.

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

The IS6 family, a clinically important group of insertion sequences including IS26

The IS6 family, a clinically important group of insertion sequences including IS26

Regulation of mouse CYP1A1 gene expression by dioxin: requirement of two cis-acting elements during induction.

Diverse soybean actin transcripts contain a large intron in the 5? untranslated leader: structural similarity to vertebrate muscle actin genes

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