Sequence variation and regulatory variation in acetylcholinesterase genes contribute to insecticide resistance in different populations of <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i>

Margus, Aigi; Piiroinen, Saija; Lehmann, Philipp; Grapputo, Alessandro; Gilbert, Leona; Chen, Yolanda H.; Lindström, Leena

doi:10.1002/ece3.8269

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The above-mentioned study has concluded that in the propoxur-resistant strain, there was a decrease in the affinity of the enzyme to the insecticides and substrate, as well as a decrease in the catalytic efficiency of AChE against the specific substrate (ATC). Similar results were obtained in other studies where authors investigated AChE in OPs- and carbamate-resistant insects [ 58 , 59 , 60 ]. A simultaneous decrease in the Vmax and Km are usually effects of an uncompetitive inhibitor due to the changes in the enzyme-substrate complex equilibrium [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of Insecticides at Sublethal Concentrations on the Enzyme Activities in Adult Musca domestica L.

Kinareikina

Silivanova

2023

Toxics

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Nowadays, the use of pesticides is, as before, the most common way to control arthropod plant pests and the ectoparasites of animals. The sublethal effects of pesticides on insects can appear at different levels, from genetics to populations, and the study of these effects is important for a better understanding of the environmental and evolutionary patterns of pesticidal resistance. The current study aimed to assess the sublethal effects of chlorfenapyr and fipronil on the activities of detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase—CarE, acetylcholinesterase—AChE, glutathione-S-transferase—GST, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase—P450) in adults Musca domestica L. The insects were exposure to insecticides by a no-choice feeding test and the enzyme activities and the AChE kinetic parameters were examined in female and male specimens at 24 h after their exposure. According to Tukey’s test, the CarE activity was statistically significantly decreased by 29.63% in the females of M. domestica after an exposure to chlorfenapyr at a concentration of 0.015% when compared to the controls (p ≤ 0.05). An exposure to the sublethal concentration of fipronil (0.001%) was followed by a slightly decrease in the specific activity (33.20%, p ≤ 0.05) and the main kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km) of AChE in females in comparison with the control values. The GST and P450 activities had not significantly changed in M. domestica males and females 24 h after their exposure to chlorfenapyr and fipronil at sublethal concentrations. The results suggest that the males and females of M. domestica displayed biochemically different responses to fipronil, that is a neurotoxin, and chlorfenapyr, that is a decoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Further research needs to be addressed to the molecular mechanisms underlying the peculiarities of the insect enzyme responses to different insecticides.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of Insecticides at Sublethal Concentrations on the Enzyme Activities in Adult Musca domestica L.

Kinareikina

Silivanova

2023

Toxics

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“…The above-mentioned study has concluded that in the propoxur-resistant strain there was a decrease in the affinity of the enzyme to insecticides and substrate, as well as a decrease in the catalytic efficiency of AChE against the specific substrate (ATC). Similar results were obtained in other studies, where authors investigated AChE in OPs-and carbamateresistant insects [41][42][43]. We evaluated the kinetic parameters of AChE in the chlorfenapyrresistant M. domestica strain for the first time.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Acetylcholinesterase Activities in Adult Houseflies Musca Domestica L. of the Chlorfenapyr-Resistant Strain

Kinareikina¹,

Silivanova²

2022

Entomol Appl Sci Lett

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The study of changes that occurred in insect organisms in response to insecticidal exposure and their species-specific characteristics is important for a fuller understanding of the environmental and evolutionary patterns of pesticidal resistance. For chlorfenapyr from the pyrrole group of insecticides, the mechanism underlying the resistance in insects is not quite clearly described. This study evaluated the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in adults of the house fly Musca domestica of the chlorfenapyrresistant (selected with chlorfenapyr) strain (ChlA). Also, we assessed the kinetic parameters of AChE in females and males of the ChlA strain compared to these of the unselected strain (Lab) of M. domestica for the first time. Specimens of Lab and ChlA strains had no statistically significant differences in specific AChE activity. The percentage remaining activities of propoxur-inhibited AChE was 3.81 times less (р < 0.05) and values of Vmax and Km were 43.3% and 46.9% (р < 0.05), respectively, less in females of the ChlA strain compared to these in females of the Lab strain. For both Lab and ChlA strains M. domestica, the catalytic efficacy of AChE based on Vmax/Km in males was more than that in females. In general, the results obtained suggest that the affinity of AChE to specific ligands (like a substrate acetylthiocholine and an inhibitor propoxur) increased without a rise of the catalytic activity in females of the ChlA strain M. domestica that was under selection with chlorfenapyr during 23-24 generations.

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“…The insecticide resistance associated gene, Ldace1 (Fournier et al ., 1992 ; Zhu & Gao, 1999 ; Clark et al ., 2001 ), was upregulated under the highest concentration of fluazinam, suggesting that this chemical can act similarly like insecticides as high expression levels of Ldace1 have been previously associated with the resistance against organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in CPB (Revuelta et al ., 2011 ; Margus et al ., 2021 ). On the other hand, if fluazinam slows down the growth of the larvae (see Clements et al ., 2018a ) it is possible that this difference between treatments is generated by the developmental differences among larvae as Ldace1 expression goes down when the larvae grow (Revuelta et al ., 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we used Glutathione synthetase ( Gs ) gene, which is known to be related to neonicotinoid resistance in CPB (Clements et al ., 2016 , 2017 ) and acetylcholine esterase1 gene ( Ldace1 ), with high expression levels associated with resistance against organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in CPB (Revuelta et al ., 2011 ; Margus et al . 2021 ). Finally, we measured the expression levels of a heat shock protein gene, Hsp70 , which is an early marker of stress associated with the respiration process and temperature shock (Lee et al ., 2012 ; Chen et al ., 2014 ; Wang et al ., 2018 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated exposure of fluazinam fungicides affects gene expression profiles yet carries no costs on a nontarget pest

et al. 2022

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Fungicides are used to control pathogenic fungi of crop species, but they have also been shown to alter behavioral, life history and fitness related traits of nontarget insects. Here, we tested the fungicide effects on feeding behavior, survival and physiology of the nontarget pest insect, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Feeding behavior was studied by a choice test of adult beetles, which were allowed to choose between a control and a fungicide (fluazinam) treated potato leaf. Larval survival was recorded after 24 and 72 h exposure to control and fungicide‐treated leaves with 2 different concentrations. The adults did not show fungicide avoidance behavior. Similarly, survival of the larvae was not affected by the exposure to fungicides. Finally, to understand the effects of fungicides at the physiological level (gene expression), we tested whether the larval exposure to fungicide alter the expression of 5 metabolic pathway and stress associated genes. Highest concentration and 72‐h exposure caused upregulation of 1 cytochrome P450 (CYP9Z14v2) and 1 insecticide resistance gene (Ldace1), whereas metabolic detoxification gene (Ugt1) was downregulated. At 24‐h exposure, highest concentration caused downregulation of another common detoxification gene (Gs), while both exposure times to lowest concentration caused upregulation of the Hsp70 stress tolerance gene. Despite these overall effects, there was a considerable amount of variation among different families in the gene expression levels. Even though the behavioral effects of the fungicide treatments were minor, the expression level differences of the studied genes indicate changes on the metabolic detoxifications and stress‐related pathways.

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Sequence variation and regulatory variation in acetylcholinesterase genes contribute to insecticide resistance in different populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Impact of Insecticides at Sublethal Concentrations on the Enzyme Activities in Adult Musca domestica L.

Impact of Insecticides at Sublethal Concentrations on the Enzyme Activities in Adult Musca domestica L.

Acetylcholinesterase Activities in Adult Houseflies Musca Domestica L. of the Chlorfenapyr-Resistant Strain

Repeated exposure of fluazinam fungicides affects gene expression profiles yet carries no costs on a nontarget pest

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