“…Beginning in Early Devonian time, the ancestors to modern land plants evolved (McGhee, 1996;Dahl et al, 2010), Earth was in a greenhouse period (Joachimski et al, 2009;Wong et al, 2016), and Western North America was a passive margin (Dickinson et al, 1983;Dickinson, 2004). By Late Devonian (end Famennian) time, Earth had fully transitioned into an icehouse period (Streel et al, 2000;Brett et al, 2011), Western North America had experienced multiple glaciation events recorded in diamictites in South America (Caputo, 1984), carbonate belts had retreated to within 20 latitude of the equator compared to their prior 40 extent (Wendte et al, 1992), and the margin of Western North America had transitioned into an active tectonic regime with the Antler Orogeny beginning in Middle Devonian time (Burchfiel & Davis, 1972).…”