Sequence similarity of mating type idiomorphs: A method which detects similarity among the Sordariaceae fails to detect similar sequences in other filamentous ascomycetes

Cisar, C. R.; TeBeest, D. O.; Spiegel, F. W.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1994.12026447

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the findings for Cochliobolus (Turgeon, 1998) and Neurospora (Wik et al, 2008) and also with the trend of rapid evolution in reproductive proteins (Civetta and Singh, 1998;Swanson and Vacquier, 2002;Clark et al, 2006). This rapid divergence of MAT genes over short evolutionary distances helps to explain their dramatic lack of conservation among genera and the difficulty experienced by researchers in identifying MAT loci in new species (Cisar et al, 1994;Arie et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Mating type genes have been found to be highly divergent between species (Cisar et al, 1994;Arie et al, 1997;Turgeon, 1998;Wik et al, 2008), yet they may be strongly conserved within species (Turgeon, 1998). Rapid diversification of sex-related proteins has been observed in many plants and animals, and the forces of sexual selection, sexual conflict and reinforcement have all been proposed as possible causes (reviewed by Civetta and Singh, 1998;Swanson and Vacquier, 2002;Clark et al, 2006).…”

Section: Mat1-1 Always Contains a Gene Called Mat1-1-1 Which Encodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and evolution of the Fusarium mating type locus: New insights from the Gibberella fujikuroi complex

Martin

Wingfield

et al. 2011

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Mating type genes are central to sexual reproduction and compatibility in Ascomycete fungi. However the "MAT" loci experience unique evolutionary pressures that can result in rapid divergence and enhanced inter-specific gene-flow (lateral gene transfer). In this study, molecular evolution of MAT loci was considered using the genus Fusarium (Teleomorph: Gibberella) as a model. Both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 "idiomorphs" from eleven species of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex were sequenced. Molecular evolution of the MAT loci from these heterothallic (self-sterile) species was compared with that of the MAT loci from nine homothallic (self-fertile) species in the Fusarium graminearum species complex. Although Fusarium has previously been thought to have the same complement of four MAT genes that are found in Neurospora, we found evidence of a novel gene, MAT1-2-3, that may be specific to the Hypocreales. All MAT genes share a similar set of cis-regulatory motifs, although homothallic species might have recruited novel regulatory elements, which could potentially facilitate alternate expression of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1. Fusarium MAT loci displayed evidence consistent with historical lateral gene-flow. Most notably, the MAT1-1 idiomorph of Fusarium sacchari appears to be unrelated to those of other species in the G. fujikuroi complex. In general, Fusarium MAT genes are highly divergent. Both positive selection and relaxed selective constraint could account for this phenomenon. However, the extent of both recombination and inter-specific gene-flow in the MAT locus also appears to affect the rate of divergence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Mat1-1 Always Contains a Gene Called Mat1-1-1 Which Encodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and evolution of the Fusarium mating type locus: New insights from the Gibberella fujikuroi complex

Martin

Wingfield

et al. 2011

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…We sampled B/C test strains for MATa by PCR and Southern hybridization based on the C. neoformans var. neoformans MFa1 gene, because degenerate primers and genomic hybridizations have been successfully used to identify mating type genes in many fungi (13,14,42,48). Our negative results could possibly be due to the facts that the 117-bp PCR amplicon was a hypervariable region of the MATa locus and that targeting of this sequence may yield negative results with genomic DNA from C. neoformans var.…”

Section: Vol 70 2002mentioning

confidence: 45%

Molecular Genetic Analyses of Mating Pheromones Reveal Intervariety Mating or Hybridization in Cryptococcus neoformans

Chaturvedi

Fan²,

Stein³

et al. 2002

Infect Immun

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The sexual mating of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans is important for pathogenesis studies because the fungal virulence is linked to the ␣ mating type (MAT␣). We characterized C. neoformans mating pheromones (MF␣ 1 and MFa1) from 122 strains to understand intervariety hybridization or mating and intervariety virulence. MF␣ 1 in three C. neoformans varieties showed (a) specific nucleotide polymorphisms, (b) different copy numbers and chromosomal localizations, and (c) unique deduced amino acids in two geographic populations of C. neoformans var. gattii. MF␣ 1 of different varieties cross-hybridized in Southern hybridizations. Their phylogenetic analyses showed purifying selection (neutral evolution). These observations suggested that MAT␣ strains from any of the three C. neoformans varieties could mate or hybridize in nature with MATa strains of C. neoformans var. neoformans. A few serotype A/D diploid strains provided evidence for mating or hybridization, while a majority of A/D strains tested positive for haploid MF␣ 1 identical to that of C. neoformans var. grubii. MF␣ 1 sequence and copy numbers in diploids were identical to those of C. neoformans var. grubii, while their MFa1 sequences were identical to those of C. neoformans var. neoformans; thus, these strains were hybrids. The mice survival curves and histological lesions revealed A/D diploids to be highly pathogenic, with pathogenicity levels similar to that of the C. neoformans var. grubii type strain and unlike the low pathogenicity levels of C. neoformans var. neoformans strains. In contrast to MF␣ 1 in three varieties, MFa1 amplicons and hybridization signals could be obtained only from two C. neoformans var. neoformans reference strains and eight A/D diploids. This suggested that a yet undiscovered MFa pheromone(s) in C. neoformans var. gattii and C. neoformans var. grubii is unrelated to, highly divergent from, or rarer than that in C. neoformans var. neoformans. These observations could form the basis for future studies on the role of intervariety mating in C. neoformans biology and virulence.Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. The fungus has two mating types (mating type ␣ [MAT␣] and MATa), three varieties (C. neoformans var. neoformans, C. neoformans var. gattii, and C. neoformans var. grubii), and five serotypes (A, B, C, D, and A/D). C. neoformans var. grubii is most common in cryptococcosis among immunocompromised patients; the isolates are usually serotype A, MAT␣. This variety apparently reproduces asexually in nature, as indicated by the rarity of fertile MATa isolates (9,19,29). Sexual mating is seen in the laboratory both in C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) and C. neoformans var. gattii (serotype B or C). The latter two varieties also show laboratory cross-hybridization; thus, their teleomorphs are classified as Filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans and F. neoformans var. bacillispora (30). Currently, C. neoformans sexual mating is being ...

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“…The conservation of mating-type genes has also been tested in Ascobolus stercorarius, a fungus classified with P. brassicae in the subclass of the Discomycetes. Hybridization of P. brassicae MAT genes to the Ascobolus stercorarius genome did not reveal any mating-type-specific signal, suggesting that DNA sequences specific to mating type have diverged between different orders within the Discomycete taxon (Cisar et al 1994;Singh et al 1999). …”

Section: Leotiomycetes A) Self-incompatible Leotiomycetesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mating-Type Structure, Evolution, and Function in Euascomycetes

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Sequence similarity of mating type idiomorphs: A method which detects similarity among the Sordariaceae fails to detect similar sequences in other filamentous ascomycetes

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Structure and evolution of the Fusarium mating type locus: New insights from the Gibberella fujikuroi complex

Structure and evolution of the Fusarium mating type locus: New insights from the Gibberella fujikuroi complex

Molecular Genetic Analyses of Mating Pheromones Reveal Intervariety Mating or Hybridization in Cryptococcus neoformans

Mating-Type Structure, Evolution, and Function in Euascomycetes

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