Sequence Response of a Distal-To-Proximal Foreland Ramp to Glacio-Eustasy and Tectonics

Al-Tawil, A.A.; Wynn, Thomas C.; Read, J. Fred

doi:10.2110/pec.03.78.0011

Cited by 15 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The facies in the study area (Leonard, 1968; Carney & Smosna, 1989) resemble facies described elsewhere in the United States by Ettensohn (1994); Smith & Read (1999, 2001), and Al‐Tawil et al. (2003).…”

Section: Greenbrier Group Facies and Sequence Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The bulk of the study area lies beneath the little deformed Appalachian Plateau. Outcropping Mississippian rocks are restricted to the leading edge of the overthrust belt in the east and to the distal western edge of the basin bordering the Cincinnati Arch (Al‐Tawil & Read, 2003; Al‐Tawil et al. , 2003).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the sequences are very similar. Lowstand systems tracts are developed rarely within the study area, but are evident in exposures along the ramp margin east of the study area in Virginia (Al‐Tawil et al. , 2003).…”

Section: Greenbrier Group Facies and Sequence Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This group provides an outcrop and subsurface analogue to better understand Mississippian three‐dimensional (3D) facies distribution, reservoir stacking patterns, and the stratigraphic signature of global greenhouse to icehouse conditions within an active foreland setting. Prior to Al‐Tawil (1998), Al‐Tawil et al. (2003) and this study, the Greenbrier Group was lumped into large lithostratigraphic units of heterogeneous lithofacies and great lateral variation (Wells, 1950; Flowers, 1956; Leonard, 1968; Wray, 1980; Yeilding, 1984; Yeilding & Dennison, 1986; Carney & Smosna, 1989; Kelleher, 1990; Kelleher & Smosna, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional sequence analysis of a subsurface carbonate ramp, Mississippian Appalachian foreland basin, West Virginia, USA

Wynn

Read

2008

Sedimentology

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Well-cuttings, wireline logs and limited core and outcrop data were used to generate a regional, three-dimensional sequence framework for Upper Mississippian (Chesterian), Greenbrier Group carbonates in the Appalachian foreland basin, West Virginia, USA. The resulting maps were used to document the stratigraphic response of the basin to tectonics and to glacioeustasy during the transition into ice-house conditions. The ramp facies include inner ramp red beds and aeolianites, lagoonal muddy carbonates, midramp ooid and skeletal grainstone shoal complexes, and outer ramp wackestone-mudstone, that grades downslope into laminated silty lime mudstone. The facies make up fourth-order sequences, a few metres to over 90 m (300 ft) thick. The sequences are bounded along the ramp margin by lowstand sandstones and calcareous siltstones. On the ramp, sequence boundaries are overlain by thin transgressive siliciclastics and aeolianites, and only a few are calichified. Maximum flooding surfaces on the outer ramp lie beneath deeper water facies that overlie lowstand to transgressive siliciclastic or carbonate units. On the shallow ramp, maximum flooding surfaces overlie siliciclastic-prone transgressive systems tracts, that are overlain by highstand carbonates with significant grainstone units interlayered with lagoonal lime mudstones. The fourth-order sequences are the major mappable subsurface units; they are bundled into weak composite sequences which are bounded by red beds. In spite of differential subsidence rates across the foreland basin (1 to 3 cm/k.y. up to 25 cm/k.y.), eustatic sealevel changes controlled regional sequence development. Thrust-load induced differential subsidence of fault-blocks, coupled with in-plane stress, controlled the rapid basinward thickening of the depositional wedge, whose thickness and facies were influenced by subtle structures such as arches trending at high angles as well as parallel to the margin.

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Section: Greenbrier Group Facies and Sequence Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Greenbrier Group Facies and Sequence Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Three‐dimensional sequence analysis of a subsurface carbonate ramp, Mississippian Appalachian foreland basin, West Virginia, USA

Wynn

Read

2008

Sedimentology

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“…Subsurface studies enable a regional evaluation of carbonate-platform architecture and the function of tectonics in providing antecedent topography for nucleation sites, in segmentation and coalescence of platforms, for development of backstepping geometry, for modification of sequence-stratigraphic patterns, and in submergence and drowning (e.g., Eberli and Ginsburg, 1987;Greenlee and Lehmann, 1993;Saller et al, 1993;Dorobek, 1995;Schlager et al, 1998;Al-Tawil et al, 2003;Weber et al, 2003). Outcrop studies have documented the impact of tectonism on particular aspects of carbonate sedimentation, for example, platform termination, syndepositional faulting, and response of depositional sequences to migrating depocenters (e.g., Dorobek et al, 1991;Giles and Dickinson, 1995;Proust et al, 1998;Smith and Read, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of differential tectonic subsidence on isolated carbonate-platform evolution: Triassic of the Nanpanjiang Basin, south China

et al. 2007

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The Nanpanjiang Basin of south China contains four exceptionally well-exposed, isolated Triassic carbonate platforms. Detailed mapping of two-dimensional transects and description of stratigraphic sections allow the reconstruction of facies architecture, sequence stratigraphy, and evolution of the platforms. Biostratigraphy, magneticsusceptibility profiles, and volcanic-ash horizons allow chronostratigraphic correlation and, thus, a basinwide evaluation of mechanisms controlling platform evolution.A comparison of platform architecture demonstrates that southerly platforms have substantially greater thickness, backstepping geometry, pinnacle development, and earlier drowning that resulted from greater tectonic subsidence proximal to a probable convergent margin along the southern perimeter of the basin. Felsic volcanics thicken southward and contributed to the termination of the southernmost platform, indicating the development of a volcanic arc along the southern margin of the South China tectonic block. The northernmost isolated platform had greater longevity and lesser accumulation and lacks backstepping and pinnacle phases of development. Basin-margin intertonguing relationships, or lack thereof, demonstrate that earlier siliciclastic influx into the basin to the south and concurrent starved-basin conditions to the north impacted the evolution of platform-margin geometries. GEOLOGIC NOTEComparative analysis of platform evolution shows that the timing and rates of tectonic subsidence controlled the timing of platform termination by drowning, backstep geometries, pinnacle development, and overall platform thickness. The timing of siliciclastic basin fill dictated differences in platform-margin geometries such as slope angle, relief above basin floor, and the presence or absence of basinward platform progradation. Despite the dramatic differences in platform architecture, eustatic sea level fluctuations imparted a basinwide sequence-stratigraphic signal.

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Biostratigraphic zonation and correlation of Mississippian rocks in Western Europe: some case studies in the late Viséan/Serpukhovian

Somerville

2008

Geological Journal

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In the Mississippian in Western Europe, biostratigraphic zonation and correlation of sequences has been refined using a combination of faunal and floral groups. In deep-water basins and on shelves advances have been made in recognizing evolutionary lineages of conodonts, particularly in the early Viséan to Serpukhovian, for example the Gnathodus praebilineatus -G. bilineatus bilineatus -G. bilineatus bollandensis lineage, which is closely tied to ammonoid zones in the Culm facies of Western and Central Europe, and the Lochriea saharae -L. commutata -L. nodosa -L. ziegleri lineage. Moreover, progress has been made in recognizing the Upper Viséan/Serpukhovian boundary, based on the first appearance datum (FAD) of Lochriea ziegleri.Greater precision in the dating and correlation of shallow-water platform facies has been achieved using foraminiferans. Although evolutionary developments in the Archaediscidae are still of major importance in terms of biostratigraphic dating, alternative lineages have been proposed recently for the late Asbian/Brigantian (late Viséan) interval, involving the CribrospiraBradyina -Parajanischewskina -Janischewskina lineage. These large cribrate complexed-walled forms are widely recognized throughout Western Europe. The base of the Viséan has recently been defined in South China using foraminiferans with the FAD of Eoparastaffella simplex in the lineage Eoparastaffella ovalis -E. simplex. The same criterion has been used to define the base of the Viséan (base of emended Moliniacian) in Belgium.Recent studies in Britain, Ireland, France, Spain and Poland have demonstrated that in the Upper Viséan many calcareous algal taxa and problematica are widespread in their distribution throughout the western Palaeotethys Realm. Moreover, five algal assemblages can be distinguished, based either on the first appearance of certain taxa or their acme developments, such as Falsocalcifolium punctatum and Calcifolium okense. In addition, there have been new discoveries in the Brigantian and Serpukhovian of algal taxa and problematica such as Archaeolithophyllum, Paraepimastopora and Claracrusta that were regarded previously as being restricted to the Pennsylvanian-Permian interval.Advances in rugose coral biostratigraphy have also been made in the upper Tournaisian and Upper Viséan, particularly using dissepimented taxa which occur in shallow-water platforms. The presence of uraliniids and Keyserlingophyllum in the upper Tournaisian of Western Europe (Belgium) are also recognized in South China and Siberia. In the Upper Viséan, refinements in zonation have been made using well-defined colonial and solitary species and species groups belonging to the families Lithostrotionidae and Axophyllidae and solitary taxa of the families Aulophyllidae and Cyathopsidae which are recognized throughout the western Palaeotethys.

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Sequence Response of a Distal-To-Proximal Foreland Ramp to Glacio-Eustasy and Tectonics

Cited by 15 publications

References 55 publications

Three‐dimensional sequence analysis of a subsurface carbonate ramp, Mississippian Appalachian foreland basin, West Virginia, USA

Three‐dimensional sequence analysis of a subsurface carbonate ramp, Mississippian Appalachian foreland basin, West Virginia, USA

Impact of differential tectonic subsidence on isolated carbonate-platform evolution: Triassic of the Nanpanjiang Basin, south China

Biostratigraphic zonation and correlation of Mississippian rocks in Western Europe: some case studies in the late Viséan/Serpukhovian

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