Sequence of Action of Breathing Muscles during Speech

Hoshiko, Michael S.

doi:10.1044/jshr.0303.291

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…For example, maximum phonation duration tasks produced at conversational loudness require the maintenance of tracheal pressure (i.e., 5-8 cm H 2 O) against a constant decrease in lung volume. Recruitment of muscular effort is required to sustain the targeted tracheal pressure [9,16,27]. The timing of muscle activation relative to lung volume observed in adults in the current study aligns with previous predictions and observations [16,24].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…However, some expiratory muscular activity is needed because lung recoil in and of itself is not enough to achieve appropriate tracheal pressure. The muscular activity observed in the adults in the current study confirms previous observations indicating that expiratory muscle activity onset occurs during speaking and muscular amplitudes are detectable above resting levels [7,8,9,27]. Children also initiated their utterances within or above tidal breathing depth, but on average the present group of younger children ended their utterances below the end-expiratory level similar to that observed previously [4,5,6,25].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Simultaneous Measurement of Breathing Kinematics and Surface Electromyography of Chest Wall Muscles during Maximum Performance and Speech Tasks in Children: Methodological Considerations

Clair-Auger

Gan²,

Norton³

et al. 2015

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Objective: To develop a standardized paediatric protocol for acquiring simultaneous chest wall kinematics and surface electromyography (EMG) of chest wall muscles during maximum performance and speech tasks. Patients and Methods: Eighteen healthy participants included: (a) a younger age group (n = 6; ages 4.0-6.5 years), (b) an older age group (n = 6; ages 7.0-10.5 years), and (c) an adult group (n = 8; ages 21-33 years). A child (age 10 years) with spastic-type cerebral palsy (CP) served as a ‘proof of protocol feasibility'. Chest wall kinematics and surface EMGs (intercostals, rectus abdominus, external oblique, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae) were acquired during maximum performance and speech tasks. Results: Successful calibration of the EMG signal and reliable detection of muscle activation onset, offset, and amplitude relative to vital capacity and percent maximum voluntary contraction in children were demonstrated. Kinematic and surface EMG measurements were sensitive to non-speech and speech tasks, age, and neurological status (i.e. CP). Conclusion: The simultaneous measurement of kinematics and EMG of the chest wall muscle groups provides a more comprehensive description of speech breathing in children. This protocol can be used for the observation and interpretation of clinical outcomes seen in children with motor speech disorders following treatments that focus on increasing overall respiratory and vocal effort.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Simultaneous Measurement of Breathing Kinematics and Surface Electromyography of Chest Wall Muscles during Maximum Performance and Speech Tasks in Children: Methodological Considerations

Clair-Auger

Gan²,

Norton³

et al. 2015

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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“…The abdominal muscle that showed the lowest correlation with phonatory activity in the present study was the m. rectus abdominis. Activity of this muscle during phonation in man has been observed by Draper et al [2], Hoshiko [3], Hoshiko and Berger [4] and Tomoda et al [7], In the studies of Draper et al [2] and Hoshiko and Berger [4], in which activity of both the m. rectus and m. obliquus externus was record ed, it was found -in agreement with the present study -that the m. rectus becomes active after the m. obliquus externus. Floyd and Silver [ 1 ], in contrast, claim that there is I. VI virtually no activity in the m. rectus during singing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In fact, there does not seem to be a single study in subhuman mam mals comparing different respiratory mus cles during phonation. In man, respiratory activity related to phonation has been stud ied using electromyography (EMG) by Floyd and Silver [ 1 ], Draper et al [2], Hoshiko [3], Hoshiko and Berger [4] and Taylor [5]. None of these studies, however, tested more than a few of the relevant muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Muscle Activity during Vocalization in the Squirrel Monkey

Jürgens¹,

Schriever²

1991

IJFP

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Inorder to find out which muscles are involved in the respiratory component of primate phonation, the activity of 17 abdominal and thoracic muscles was recorded during vocalization in the squirrel monkey. Vocalization-correlated activity was found in the musculi obliquus externus et internus, rectus et transversus abdominis, intercostalis externus et internus and intercartilagineus. It was lacking in the mm. iliocostalis, latissimus dorsi, longissimus dorsi, rhomboideus, serratus posterior superior, trapezius, splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoideus, scalenus medius and pectoralis major. There was simultaneous activation of the rib-raising external and rib-lowering internal intercostal muscles during most vocalizations. It is hence concluded that the intercostals, rather than supporting expiratory efforts, serve to stabilize the thorax, thus providing an anchorage against which the abdominal muscles can act.

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“…Even though abdominal muscles are capable of brief pulsatile contractions (Hoshiko, 1960;Ladefoged, Draper & Whitteridge, 1958;Berger, 1968), and their voluntary reaction times to light are as short as those measured for limb muscles (90-143 msec, Lansing, R. W. & Thomas, J. E., unpublished study), their participation in rapid load compensating adjustments has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load compensating responses of human abdominal muscles

Lansing

Meyerink

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. We studied abdominal muscle responses to positive pressure loads applied suddenly to the external airway while subjects held a constant lung volume against steady pressure. The pre-loading holding pressure was 6 cm H20, and the loading pressures were 6 or 12 cm H20 lasting for 2 sec.2. Surface electromyograms (e.m.g.) were recorded over the internal oblique, external oblique, and rectus abdominis muscles. The latency and pattern ofthe e.m.g. reactions were studied by measuring the raw record for each loading trial, and by averaging the rectified e.m.g. for many trials.3. No responses were obtained if subjects were instructed not to respond to the loads. When instructed and trained to maintain their pre-load position in spite of the load, a two-phase compensatory response was found. The initial response (phase I) was 100-300 msec in duration; it was followed by a continuous e.m.g. discharge (phase II) which continued to the offset of the pressure load. Subjects were also trained to make a single respiratory effort as quickly as possible after the load onset or after just an auditory stimulus. These were simple reaction time tasks of a traditional kind and the e.m.g. responses elicited were single, brief bursts.4. For all subjects and experimental conditions the e.m.g. response of the internal oblique occurred first, followed by the external oblique and then the rectus abdominis. For the 'maintain position' task, phase I latencies (internal oblique) averaged 66-90 msec for individual subjects, but for single trials with optimal conditions of practice and preparatory intervals these ranged from 42 to 110 msec with a third of the reactions occurring within 50-60 msec.5. The latencies for reaction time responses to loading were about 6 msec shorter than the phase I latencies. The latency distributions for the two types of responses were similar, and both were affected to the same degree by practice, and changing the length and variability of the preparatory interval. Because of these similarities we suggest that the phase I reaction was a learned response of a 'simple reaction time' type, and not comparable to late stretch reflexes such as the M2 of limb muscles.6. Arm muscle responses to respiratory pressure changes were measured in three subjects under identical conditions used to obtain load reaction times of abdominal muscles. These simple reaction times averaged 61-71 msec, and ranged from 42 to 97 msec. Therefore very short proprioceptive reaction times are not peculiar to the respiratory system, or to load perturbations of the responding muscle. R. W. LANSING AND L. MEYERINK 7. Mechanical adjustments of airway pressure and lung volume in response to loading are first expressed at the mouth about 90 msec after abdominal muscle activity begins. In the 'maintain position' task, the accuracy with which pressure and volume adjustments were made during the last 1-5 see of the loading period approximated that reported in the literature for trained singers holding a tone using constant expiratory pressure.

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Sequence of Action of Breathing Muscles during Speech

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Simultaneous Measurement of Breathing Kinematics and Surface Electromyography of Chest Wall Muscles during Maximum Performance and Speech Tasks in Children: Methodological Considerations

Simultaneous Measurement of Breathing Kinematics and Surface Electromyography of Chest Wall Muscles during Maximum Performance and Speech Tasks in Children: Methodological Considerations

Respiratory Muscle Activity during Vocalization in the Squirrel Monkey

Load compensating responses of human abdominal muscles

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