Sequence Heterogeneity in the 16S rDNA of Tomato Big Bud Phytoplasma Belonging to Group 16SrIII

Mello, A. P. O. A.; Bedendo, Ivan Paulo; Camargo, L. E. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2006.01091.x

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…包括16S rDNA、23S rDNA、16S-23S rDNA间隔区, 其组织模式是: 5'-16S-23S-3'。而且在某些种类植原(Liefting et al, 1996), 而巴西番茄巨芽植原体16S rRNA基因序列有3种不同的类型(Mello et al, 2006)。16S rRNA基因是植原体中高度保守、但在不同种类植原体间又存在明显变异的序列, 植原体之间相似性范围在88.0-99.0%, 与亲缘关系最近的非固醇原体相似性为 87.0-88.5%(Seemüller et al, 1998)。所以在植原体分子分类和鉴定的研究中, 16S rRNA基因是应用最广的遗传标记, 也揭示了植原体丰富的遗传多样性特征。Lee 等(1998)通过对16S rRNA基因PCR产物的RFLP分析, 将34个植原体株系划分为14个主要的植原体组。 Seemüller 等 (1998) 根据 57 个植原体株系 16S rRNA基因序列的比较将这些植原体分为20个不同的组。Wei 等 (2007)对 800 条已发表的植原体16S rRNA基因序列进行分析, et al, 1998; Martini et al, 2007)。植原体tuf基因编码延伸因子EF-Tu, fusA基因编码延伸因子EF-G, 其中tuf基因序列和16S rRNA基因具有相对低的保守性(Lee et al, 2000), 可在16S rRNA基因分组的基础上用于亚组的区分(Schneider et al, 1997;Koui et al, 2003;Yu et al, 2014)。Streten和Gibb(2005) 利用 tuf 基因序列将 16SrXII-B 中的 Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense 株系细分为 16SrXII-B (tuf-Australia I) 、 16SrXII-B (tuf-New Zealand I) 、 16SrXII-B (tuf-New Zealand II) 。 Malembic-Maher等(2011质接触、应对介体昆虫的免疫系统等 (Kakizawaet al, 2006b)。但植原体之间IDP序列的相似性与16S rRNA基因间的序列相似性无相关性, -a的ORF可被划分为两类: tmk-a-1为639 bp, tmk-a-2为627 bp, PaWBPs 株系tmk-a-1与tmk-a-2序列条数的比值约为2.5…”

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Genetic diversity of phytoplasmas: research status and prospects

Yu¹,

Xu²,

Lin³

et al. 2016

Biodiversity Science

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Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less prokaryotic pathogens causing many plant diseases with various host plants, widely geographical distribution and adverse impacts on economics and environments. Abundant genetic diversity of the phytoplasmas has been evidenced by vast researches. In the paper, we conducted a comparatively systematic and comprehensive schematic review and comment on the research status of phytoplasma genetic diversity. We discussed the potential research directions with respect to research technology and generation mechanism of phytoplasmal genetic variation as well as relationships to pathogenicity in future. Analysis on five phytoplasmas whose whole genomes have been completed has indicated the definite genetic variation in size, structure and function of phytoplasmal genomes, which lack many genes for standard metabolic functions. There are different number, size and function of the plasmids in various phytoplasma strains. Two copies of ribosomal RNA operons among all the phytoplasmas showed significant variation which provided the present foundation for classification and identification of phytoplasmas. Studies on protein-encoding genes, such as ribosomal protein (rp), elongation factors (tuf and fusA), translocation proteins (secY and secA), effector molecules as well as non-encoding sequences such as promoters and pseudogenes have further revealed the rich genetic diversity of phytoplasmas. Since inadequate information is known regarding the characteristics of morphology, cultivation, physiology and metabolism due to the diffi-culty in culturing phytoplasma in vitro, modern molecular techniques for example whole genome sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) are efficient ways to research phytoplasmal genetic variation.Discoveries and developed techniques have facilitated a system-wide approach to revealing phytoplasma genetic variation, phylogenetic evolution as well as the relationships of their interaction with hosts (plant and insect vector) and adaptation to ecological conditions from the molecular level, and led to new insights. This will be of great importance in increasing the level of classification and determination of phytoplasmas, epidemiological forecasting and the control of relevant diseases.

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Genetic diversity of phytoplasmas: research status and prospects

Yu¹,

Xu²,

Lin³

et al. 2016

Biodiversity Science

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“…Os subgrupos 16SrIII-B e 16SrIII-J são os mais comumente relatados pela literatura. Afiliados ao grupo 16SrIII-J já foram encontrados em plantas de tomate, berinjela, repolho, couve-flor, chuchu, entre outras (AMARAL MELLO, 2007;AMARAL MELLO et al, 2006, 2011FLÔRES et al, 2013;. Galdeano AluI, BamHI, BfaI, BstUI, DraI, EcoRI, HaeIII, HhaI, HinfI, HpaI,HpaII, KpnI, MboI, MseI, RsaI, SspI, TaqI AluI, BamHI, BfaI, BstUI, DraI, EcoRI, HaeIII, HhaI, HinfI, HpaI,HpaII, KpnI, MboI, MseI, RsaI, SspI, AluI,BamHI,BfaI,BstUI,DraI,EcoRI,HaeIII,HhaI,HinfI,HpaI,HpaII,KpnI,MboI,MseI,MluCI (Tsp509I) Figura 17 -Padrões de restrição de RFLP gerados pela digestão in silico de fragmentos de DNA correspondentes à região completa dos genes rplV e rpsC, da estirpe LeSt-Br01 do fitoplasma detectado em Alho-poró (A), do Mexican periwinkle virescence phytoplasma-16SrXIII-A (B) e do Strawberry stunting phytoplasma-16SrXIII-B.…”

Section: Sp6unclassified

“…rRNA já foi relatada para os fitoplasmas causadores das doenças do enfezamento do tomateiro e da berinjela, ambos afiliados ao grupo 16SrIII (AMARAL MELLO et al, 2004, 2006. As sequências dos primers utilizados encontram-se descritas a seguir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…heterogeneidade de sequências da região 16S do óperon rRNA foi anteriormente reportada no Brasil, por Amaral Mello e colabores(2003, 2006), para fitoplasmas afiliados ao grupo 16SrIII associados aos enfezamentos do tomateiro e da berinjela. O fitoplasma causador do enfezamento do tomateiro apresentou a troca de bases em seis posições na sequência nucleotídica(AMARAL MELLO et al, 2006). No presente estudo a troca de bases foi observada em apenas quatro Padrões de restrição de RFLP gerados pela digestão in silico de fragmentos de DNA correspondentes à região 16S rDNA dos fitoplasmas representantes do grupo 16SrXIII.…”

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Identificação de diversidade genética em fitoplasmas com base na análise molecular dos gene 16S rRNA, SecY e Proteína Ribossomal

Pereira¹

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Pathology Laboratory (USDA/ARS/Beltsville), for the opportunity to have had one year with your wonderful work team. Especially Ellen L. Dally, a person that taught me much more than scientific knowledge, giving me a lot of support all the time that I spent outside my country. I feel so blessed to have had the opportunity to meet Ellen and Robert, example of people that I will follow all my life. I appreciate Dr. Lee, Dr.

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Molecular Techniques for Detection of Microbial Pathogens

Narayanasamy

Molecular Biology in Plant Pathogenesis and Disease Management

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Detection, identification and differentiation of microbial plant pathogens -oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses and viroids -infecting various crops constitute the basic step for the development of effective crop disease management systems. The conventional cultural methods involving isolation and studying the morphological characteristics using microscope are labor intensive and cumbersome, yielding sometimes, inconclusive results. The molecular techniques, on the other hand, are able to provide precise, reliable and reproducible results rapidly, facilitating early disease management decisions. Biochemical, immunological and nucleic acid-based assays have been preferred, because of the distinct advantages over the conventional methods. The molecular techniques have been very useful in the identification of obligate pathogens causing diseases such as downy mildews, powdery mildews and rusts and also fungi that grow very slowly in the culture media, taking several weeks to produce spore forms that can be used for identification. The availability of antisera, primers and commercial kits has led to widespread application of the molecular techniques for on-site detection during field surveys for assessing the distribution of existing pathogens, occurrence of new/introduced pathogens or strains and for preventing introduction of new pathogens through seeds or planting materials. Furthermore, molecular techniques have been demonstrated to be useful in breeding programs to identify sources of resistance to disease(s). Several protocols for molecular techniques, useful for researchers and students are presented in the Appendix.

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Sequence Heterogeneity in the 16S rDNA of Tomato Big Bud Phytoplasma Belonging to Group 16SrIII

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Genetic diversity of phytoplasmas: research status and prospects

Genetic diversity of phytoplasmas: research status and prospects

Identificação de diversidade genética em fitoplasmas com base na análise molecular dos gene 16S rRNA, SecY e Proteína Ribossomal

Molecular Techniques for Detection of Microbial Pathogens

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