Sequence from Ribosomal RNA <i>of Pneumocystis carinii</i> Compared to those of Four Fungi Suggests an Ascomycetous Affinity

Stringer, Saundra L.; Hudson, Karen M.; Blase, Maria Airo; Walzer, Peter D.; Cushion, M T; Stringer, James R.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1989.tb02670.x

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…It is an obligate extracellular pathogen and exists in trophic and cystic forms. Initially classified as a protozoan, it was reclassified as a fungus based on greater DNA sequence homology with fungal organisms (74,282). Pneumocystis infects only mammals and is species specific.…”

Section: Classification and Namingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Its Role in Disease

2012

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SUMMARY Although the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has decreased since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, it remains an important cause of disease in both HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected immunosuppressed populations. The epidemiology of PCP has shifted over the course of the HIV epidemic both from changes in HIV and PCP treatment and prevention and from changes in critical care medicine. Although less common in non-HIV-infected immunosuppressed patients, PCP is now more frequently seen due to the increasing numbers of organ transplants and development of novel immunotherapies. New diagnostic and treatment modalities are under investigation. The immune response is critical in preventing this disease but also results in lung damage, and future work may offer potential areas for vaccine development or immunomodulatory therapy. Colonization with Pneumocystis is an area of increasing clinical and research interest and may be important in development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we discuss current clinical and research topics in the study of Pneumocystis and highlight areas for future research.

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Section: Classification and Namingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Its Role in Disease

2012

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“…However, after review of the many attempts at the culture of P. carinii, one has to conclude that this is not a trivial problem and the requirements of P. carinii must be very specific. Recently, our laboratory determined that P. carinii is phylogenetically more closely related to fungi than it is to protozoans [34]. It may be important to consider the growth conditions of P. carinii in light of a yeast cell cycle.…”

Section: Applications Of In Vitro Systems: Life Cycle Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Studies of Pneumocystis carinii

Cushion

1989

The Journal of Protozoology

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“…Pneumocystis is a genus in the large fungal Phylum Ascomycota , which includes most described fungi and the model organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe . While gene sequence comparisons have placed Pneumocystis species among the Ascomycota , it appears that these species are rather distantly related to most other Ascomycetes (Edman et al 1988; Lutzoni et al 2004; Stringer et al 1989a, b). Pneumocystis species also differ phenotypically from typical fungi.…”

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Antigenic Variation in Pneumocystis¹

Stringer

2007

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Pneumocystis is a genus containing many species of non-culturable fungi, each of which infects a different mammalian host. Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis is a problem in immunodeficient humans, but not in normal humans. Nevertheless, it appears that Pneumocystis organisms cannot survive and proliferate outside of their mammalian hosts, suggesting that Pneumocystis parasitizes immunocompetent mammals. Residence in immunocompetent hosts may rely on camouflage perpetrated by antigenic variation. In P. carinii, which is found in rats, there exist three families of genes that appear to be designed to create antigenic variation. One gene family, which encodes the major surface glycoprotein (MSG), contains nearly 100 members. Expression of the MSG family is controlled by restricting transcription to the one gene that is linked to a unique expression site. Changes in the sequence of the MSG gene linked to the expression site occur and appear to be caused by recombination with MSG genes not at the expression site. Preliminary evidence suggests that gene conversion is the predominant recombination mechanism.

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Sequence from Ribosomal RNA of Pneumocystis carinii Compared to those of Four Fungi Suggests an Ascomycetous Affinity

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Its Role in Disease

Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Its Role in Disease

In Vitro Studies of Pneumocystis carinii

Antigenic Variation in Pneumocystis¹

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Sequence from Ribosomal RNA of Pneumocystis carinii Compared to those of Four Fungi Suggests an Ascomycetous Affinity

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Its Role in Disease

Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Its Role in Disease

In Vitro Studies of Pneumocystis carinii

Antigenic Variation in Pneumocystis1

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Antigenic Variation in Pneumocystis¹