Sequence Expression of Supernumerary B Chromosomes: Function or Fluff?

Benetta, Elena Dalla; Akbari, Omar S.; Ferree, Patrick M.

doi:10.3390/genes10020123

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Some mechanisms may be acting in this phenomenon, such as a control region of non-disjunction located in the B chromosome itself (in the terminal or pericentromeric region), as already observed in rye (Endo et al, 2008;Banaei-Moghaddam et al, 2012). Moreover, non-disjunction of B chromatids could involve B-specific products (proteins or ncRNAs) that could associate with the centromeric regions and retard the separation during anaphase, resulting in both B chromatids ending up in the gamete (Benetta et al, 2019). Various B-chromosome transcripts related to genes encoding proteins or pseudo-genes in rye (Banaei-Moghaddam et al, 2013), fish (Valente et al, 2014;Ramos et al, 2016), fly (Bauerly et al, 2014) and cervids (Makunin et al, 2016) provide the basis to hypothesize about the involvement of proteincoding genes or pseudogenes in non-disjunction control.…”

Section: Discussion B Chromosomes In R Brasiliensismentioning

confidence: 89%

Wide dispersion of B chromosomes in Rhammatocerus brasiliensis (Orthoptera, Acrididae)

et al. 2020

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The grasshopper Rhammatocerus brasiliensis shows polymorphism of B chromosomes, but the magnitude of B-chromosome occurrence and the factors that may contribute to their dispersion in the species remain unknown thus far. The present study analyzed the occurrence and dispersion of B chromosomes in R. brasiliensis individuals from 21 populations widely distributed in the Brazilian Northeast. The genetic connectivity between 10 populations was verified through analysis of ISSR markers from 200 individuals. Of the 21 populations, 19 presented individuals with one B chromosome, three with two, and one with three B chromosomes. The B chromosome is of medium size and constitutive heterochromatin (CH) located in the pericentromeric region. A variant B chromosome was observed in three populations, similar in size to that of chromosome X, gap and CH, and located in the terminal region. B chromosome frequencies in different populations varied from 0% to 18,8%, mean 8,5%. The wide distribution of the B chromosome is likely a consequence of the positive gene flow among the analyzed populations. B-chromosome occurrence in populations of R. brasiliensis possibly follows the population genetic structure of the species and, owing to the existence of a variant, its origin may not be recent.

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Section: Discussion B Chromosomes In R Brasiliensismentioning

confidence: 89%

Wide dispersion of B chromosomes in Rhammatocerus brasiliensis (Orthoptera, Acrididae)

et al. 2020

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“…In A. thaliana , KIN_14C is important for regular microtubule accumulation at the spindle poles during the prophase of mitosis. Interestingly, B chromosome-specific genes related to the microtubules and cell division were also identified in several species [ 5 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Transcripts Associated with the Process of Programmed B Chromosome Elimination in Aegilops speltoides

Boudichevskaia

Ruban

Thiel

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Some eukaryotes exhibit dramatic genome size differences between cells of different organs, resulting from programmed elimination of chromosomes. Here, we present the first transcriptome analysis of programmed chromosome elimination using laser capture microdissection (LCM)-based isolation of the central meristematic region of Aegilops speltoides embryos where B chromosome (B) elimination occurs. The comparative RNA-seq analysis of meristematic cells of embryos with (Bplus) and without Bs (B0) allowed the identification of 14,578 transcript isoforms (35% out of 41,615 analyzed transcript isoforms) that are differentially expressed during the elimination of Bs. A total of 2908 annotated unigenes were found to be up-regulated in Bplus condition. These genes are either associated with the process of B chromosome elimination or with the presence of B chromosomes themselves. GO enrichment analysis categorized up-regulated transcript isoforms into 27 overrepresented terms related to the biological process, nine terms of the molecular function aspect and three terms of the cellular component category. A total of 2726 annotated unigenes were down-regulated in Bplus condition. Based on strict filtering criteria, 341 B-unique transcript isoforms could be identified in central meristematic cells, of which 70 were functionally annotated. Beside others, genes associated with chromosome segregation, kinetochore function and spindle checkpoint activity were retrieved as promising candidates involved in the process of B chromosome elimination.

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“…4 c). Among the target functions, the cell cycle pathway has attracted attention, since genes related to the cell cycle and chromosome segregation are registered as located on B chromosomes (for a review, see [ 50 ]). What would explain the differential miRNA expression in the presence of the B chromosome?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of miRNAs in the presence of B chromosome in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia latifasciata

et al. 2021

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Background B chromosomes (Bs) are extra elements observed in diverse eukaryotes, including animals, plants and fungi. Although Bs were first identified a century ago and have been studied in hundreds of species, their biology is still enigmatic. Recent advances in omics and big data technologies are revolutionizing the B biology field. These advances allow analyses of DNA, RNA, proteins and the construction of interactive networks for understanding the B composition and behavior in the cell. Several genes have been detected on the B chromosomes, although the interaction of B sequences and the normal genome remains poorly understood. Results We identified 727 miRNA precursors in the A. latifasciata genome, 66% which were novel predicted sequences that had not been identified before. We were able to report the A. latifasciata-specific miRNAs and common miRNAs identified in other fish species. For the samples carrying the B chromosome (B+), we identified 104 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs that are down or upregulated compared to samples without B chromosome (B−) (p < 0.05). These miRNAs share common targets in the brain, muscle and gonads. These targets were used to construct a protein-protein-miRNA network showing the high interaction between the targets of differentially expressed miRNAs in the B+ chromosome samples. Among the DE-miRNA targets there are protein-coding genes reported for the B chromosome that are present in the protein-protein-miRNA network. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to nuclear matrix organization and response to stimulus are exclusive to DE miRNA targets of B+ samples. Conclusions This study is the first to report the connection of B chromosomes and miRNAs in a vertebrate species. We observed that the B chromosome impacts the miRNAs expression in several tissues and these miRNAs target several mRNAs involved with important biological processes.

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Sequence Expression of Supernumerary B Chromosomes: Function or Fluff?

Cited by 23 publications

References 79 publications

Wide dispersion of B chromosomes in Rhammatocerus brasiliensis (Orthoptera, Acrididae)

Wide dispersion of B chromosomes in Rhammatocerus brasiliensis (Orthoptera, Acrididae)

Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Transcripts Associated with the Process of Programmed B Chromosome Elimination in Aegilops speltoides

Differential expression of miRNAs in the presence of B chromosome in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia latifasciata

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