Sequence data suggests big liver and spleen disease virus (BLSV) is genetically related to hepatitis E virus

Payne, Christine J.; Ellis, T. M.; Plant, S.L.; Gregory, A.R.; Wilcox, G. E.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00067-x

Cited by 149 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore, although our present results raise further public health concerns for HEV zoonosis, extended studies are required to examine whether circulation of HEV in swine and humans continues independently or whether crossspecies infection takes place, as such data will have a major impact on the strategy for control of hepatitis E. Should cross-species infection take place, epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the possible transmission routes or factors that may be implicated in the cross-species infection of swine HEV to humans in a large cohort. Furthermore, there are a number of animal species other than pigs such as rats, mice, dogs, cows, sheep and goats that could also potentially serve as reservoirs (Favorov et al, 1998(Favorov et al, , 2000Kabrane-Lazizi et al, 1999;Tien et al, 1997) and strains of HEV antigenically and genetically related to human HEV have been identified from chickens (Haqshenas et al, 2001;Huang et al, 2002b;Payne et al, 1999). The reported high prevalence of anti-HEV in a number of animal species other than pigs may suggest that multiple sources of exposure to HEV exist in the general population in industrialized countries who are not at apparent risk for exposure to HEV (Purcell & Emerson, 2001b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine hepatitis E virus strains in Japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of Japanese isolates of human hepatitis E virus

Takahashi

Nishizawa

Miyajima

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

222

255

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Japanese patients with sporadic acute hepatitis E are infected with polyphyletic strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Hepatitis E is considered a zoonotic disease. Thus far in Japan, only three strains of swine HEV have been identified and an antibody study for HEV antibodies has not been done on Japanese pigs. To determine the prevalence of swine HEV infection in Japan and the extent of genetic variation among Japanese swine HEV strains, we tested serum samples obtained from 2500 pigs from 2 to 6 months of age at 25 commercial swine farms in Japan for the presence of IgG antibodies to HEV and swine HEV RNA. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 1448 pigs (58 %). One-hundred-and-thirteen (15 %) of the 750 3-month-old pigs and 24 (13 %) of the 180 4-monthold pigs were positive for swine HEV RNA. The nucleotide sequence of a 412 bp region within open reading frame 2 of the 137 swine HEV isolates was determined. Sequence analyses revealed that the 137 isolates shared 76?6-100 % nucleotide sequence identities and were classifiable into genotype III (93 %) or IV (7 %) and that the isolates from the same farm were ¢97?1 % similar to each other. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Japanese swine and human HEV isolates segregated into four clusters, with the highest nucleotide identity being 94?4-100 % between swine and human isolates in each cluster. These results indicate that swine HEV is widespread in the Japanese swine population and further support the hypothesis that swine serve as reservoirs for HEV infection. INTRODUCTIONHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an unclassified virus that is the major causative pathogen of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis in many developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America (Purcell & Emerson, 2001a). There is a growing consensus that HEV-associated hepatitis also occurs among individuals in industrialized nations who have no history of travel to areas endemic for HEV (Harrison, 1999;Purcell & Emerson, 2001a;Schlauder & Mushahwar, 2001).The genome of HEV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of approximately 7?2 kb and contains a short 59 untranslated region (59UTR), three open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3) and a short 39UTR terminated by a poly(A) tract (Reyes et al., 1990;Tam et al., 1991). HEV sequences have tentatively been classified into four major genetic groups (genotypes I-IV) (Schlauder & Mushahwar, 2001). The majority of HEV infections in several countries in Asia and Africa are caused by genotype I and the majority of HEV infections in Mexico and Nigeria are caused by genotype II, while only isolated cases of infection with HEV of genotype III or IV have been described in the US, European countries, Argentina, Taiwan and China (Hsieh et al., 1999;Pina et al., 2000;Schlauder et al., 1998Schlauder et al., , 1999Schlauder et al., , 2000Wang et al., 1999Wang et al., , 2000Wang et al., , 2001Worm et al., 2000;Zanetti et al., 1999). In Japan, 13 % (11/87) of the cases of acute non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis were caused by HEV infection (Mizuo et al., 20...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine hepatitis E virus strains in Japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of Japanese isolates of human hepatitis E virus

Takahashi

Nishizawa

Miyajima

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

222

255

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“…aHEV is genetically related to human hepatitis E virus but is distinct (Payne et al, 1999;Haqshenas et al, 2002). Although previous serological surveys have suggested a worldwide distribution of aHEV (Payne, 2003;Todd et al, 1993), clinical cases have been rarely reported outside North America and Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian hepatitis E virus infection and possible associated clinical disease in broiler breeder flocks in Hungary

Morrow¹,

Samu

Mátrai

et al. 2008

Avian Pathology

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In broiler breeder flocks in one broiler integration in Hungary, a new syndrome appeared in January 2005 with initially four successive post-peak flocks experiencing significant decreases in egg production. Clinically birds became depressed and there was a small increase in the mortality rate. Postmortem examinations revealed enlarged livers in up to 19% of birds dying, and enlarged spleens in some. Also observed were birds with either clotted blood or serosanguineous fluid in the abdomen and subcapsular haemorrhages of the liver. Histopathology and polymerase chain reaction excluded tumours and the presence of common tumour-associated viruses. Chronic bacterial infections (especially causing hepatitis, peritonitis and airsacculitis) were common but many enlarged livers had no obvious bacterial involvement. After a 9-month period during which a majority of flocks became affected, no newly affected flocks occurred. Investigations showed that all tested affected flocks were seropositive in the big liver and spleen (BLS) Agar Gel Immuno Diffusion (AGID) test. Subsequent flocks without post-peak egg-production drops were shown to be seronegative in the BLS AGID test, as were all the parent flocks contributing to the affected flocks. Liver samples and cloacal swabs were positive by polymerase chain reaction (aHEV helicase target), and calicivirus-like particles were demonstrated in bile samples from affected birds. These observations are similar to hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome as described in North America and BLS syndrome as described in Australia. Histopathological features were a non-specific chronic hepatitis similar to those described in BLS and hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome. Immunohistochemistry using a BLS-specific monoclonal antibody confirmed the presence of avian hepatitis E virus antigen in livers and spleen.

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“…HEV wurde bei Hühnern mit Hepatitis-Splenomegalie-Syndrom in Australien und den USA beschrieben [140,141]. Durch genetische und serologische Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass aviäre HEV (aHEV) mit humanen HEV verwandt sind.…”

Section: Aviäre Hevunclassified

Hepatitis-E-Virus

Gesundheit¹

2015

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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Sequence data suggests big liver and spleen disease virus (BLSV) is genetically related to hepatitis E virus

Cited by 149 publications

References 11 publications

Swine hepatitis E virus strains in Japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of Japanese isolates of human hepatitis E virus

Swine hepatitis E virus strains in Japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of Japanese isolates of human hepatitis E virus

Avian hepatitis E virus infection and possible associated clinical disease in broiler breeder flocks in Hungary

Hepatitis-E-Virus

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