Sequence analysis of minor protein genes of equine arteritis virus during persistent infection

Rola, J.; Socha, Wojciech; Zmudzinski, J.F.

doi:10.1515/bvip-2015-0027

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Hence, there are some structural constraints limiting their variability in regions responsible for binding 21 . This was consistent with our NGS results, as all non-synonymous SNVs in ORF2b (coding for GP2) were located in two previously described variable regions: V1 (aa 1-33) or V4 (aa 161-227) 22 . No SNVs were found at positions encoding cysteine (aa 48, 102, 137 and 195) in any of the viruses analysed, consistent with the importance of these residues for binding other minor glycoproteins 23 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…No SNVs were found at positions encoding cysteine (aa 48, 102, 137 and 195) in any of the viruses analysed, consistent with the importance of these residues for binding other minor glycoproteins 23 . All fixed amino acid changes within GP2 from a persistently infected stallion that was followed over a seven-year period in a previous study were also limited to the same two regions 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spread of equine arteritis virus among Hucul horses with different EqCXCL16 genotypes and analysis of viral quasispecies from semen of selected stallions

Socha

Sztromwasser

Dunowska

et al. 2020

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Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is maintained in the horse populations through persistently infected stallions. The aims of the study were to monitor the spread of EAV among Polish Hucul horses, to analyse the variability of circulating EAVs both between-and within-horses, and to identify allelic variants of the serving stallions EqCXCL16 gene that had been previously shown to strongly correlate with long-term EAV persistence in stallions. Serum samples (n = 221) from 62 horses including 46 mares and 16 stallions were collected on routine basis between December 2010 and May 2013 and tested for EAV antibodies. In addition, semen from 11 stallions was tested for EAV RNA. A full genomic sequence of eAV from selected breeding stallions was determined using next generation sequencing. The proportion of seropositive mares among the tested population increased from 7% to 92% during the study period, while the proportion of seropositive stallions remained similar (64 to 71%). The EAV genomes from different stallions were 94.7% to 99.6% identical to each other. A number (41 to 310) of single nucleotide variants were identified within EAV sequences from infected stallions. Four stallions possessed EqCXCL16S genotype correlated with development of long-term carrier status, three of which were persistent shedders and the shedder status of the remaining one was undetermined. none of the remaining 12 stallions with EqCXCL16R genotype was identified as a persistent shedder. Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is one of the economically important diseases of horses and other equids 1. The causative agent is equine arteritis virus (EAV), which has been recently reclassified within a species Alphaarterivirus equid in the genus Alphaarterivirus of the family Arteriviridae in the order Nidovirales 2. Infection with EAV is often subclinical, but occasionally can lead to clinical disease of various severity after an incubation period of three to 14 days. The underlying cause is vascular injury, which leads to development of clinical signs that include pyrexia, depression, anorexia, dependent oedema, conjunctivitis, petechial haemorrhages on mucosal surfaces and urticaria. Pregnant mares may abort, and foals may develop severe interstitial pneumonia or pneumoenteric syndrome, depending on the age at the time of infection 1. Antibodies against EAV have been detected in equine sera worldwide, with only Japan, Iceland and New Zealand currently considered free from EAV infections 3. The first reported outbreak of EVA in Poland occurred at one of the Thoroughbred studs in 1976-1977 4. Since then, EAV specific antibodies have been detected in a high percentage of horses of different breeds throughout the country 5,6. The virus has been implicated in economic losses, as can be illustrated by isolation of EAV from 23% of cases of abortion or neonatal death over a 34-year period in one Polish-based study 7. The virus is transmitted between horses through either respiratory or venereal routes. Horizontal transmission occurs via infectious droplets of resp...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%