Sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of some toxin proteins of snakes and related non-toxin proteins of chordates

Abstract

Snakes are equipped with their venomic armory to tackle different prey and predators in adverse natural world. The venomic composition of snakes is a mix of biologically active proteins and polypeptides. Among different components snake venom cytotoxins and short neurotoxin are non-enzymatic polypeptide candidates with in the venom. These two components structurally resembled to three-finger protein superfamily specific scaffold. Different non-toxin family members of three-finger protein superfamily are involved in different biological roles. In the present study we analyzed the snake venom cytotoxins, short neurotoxins and related non-toxin proteins of different chordates in terms of amino acid sequence level diversification profile, polarity profile of amino acid sequences, conserved pattern of amino acids and phylogenetic relationship of these toxin and nontoxin protein sequences. Sequence alignment analysis demonstrates the polarity specific molecular enrichment strategy for better system adaptivity. Occurrence of amino acid substitution is high in number in toxin sequences. In non-toxin body proteins there are less amino acid substitutions. With the help of conserved residues these proteins maintain the three-finger protein scaffold. Due to system specific adaptation toxin and non-toxin proteins exhibit a varied type of amino acid residue distribution in sequence stretch. Understanding of Natural invention scheme (recruitment of venom proteins from normal body proteins) may help us to develop futuristic engineered bio-molecules with remedial properties.

The Biophysical Characteristics and Structural Exploration of Programmed Cell Death Regulator B-Cell Lymphoma 2-Associated X Protein of Chinese Liver Fluke (Clonorchis Sinensis)

“…For the translocation of BAX to mitochondria, a mitochondrial addressing signal of N-terminal Hα1 is believed to be necessary [29]. Recent bioinformatical research methods were very helpful for the discovery process of new biologically and biomedically important protein molecules [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Therefore, varied structural forms of BAX molecules in the different organisms (e.g., Chinese liver fluke) must be identified for bio-medical interventions.…”

Molecular Docking Studies of Snake Venom Serine Protease of Sharp-Nosed Pit Viper With Hesperetin

“…science, pharmaceutical science, and biological science [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In recent years, literatures have reported that hesperetin possesses the potential to behave as an effective inhibitor of thrombin-like serine proteases isolated from the venom of Crotalus simus snakes [18].…”

The Role of Health Information System in Maternal and Child Healthcare Services

“…While planning, we have to take into consideration the strategies and experiences of other countries to circumvent costly errors and to revise the work in generating and managing the national health information system. Fortunately, recent state of the art informatics research practices makes it accomplishable to address tangled research problems in biomedical sciences [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”