September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming: Quasi‐6‐Day Wave Burst and Ionospheric Effects

Yamazaki, Yosuke; Matthias, Vivien; Miyoshi, Y.; Stolle, Claudia; Siddiqui, Tarique Adnan; Kervalishvili, Guram; Laštovička, Jan; Kozubek, Michal; Ward, W. E.; Themens, David R.; Kristoffersen, Samuel; Alken, Patrick

doi:10.1029/2019gl086577

Cited by 103 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(137 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

134

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Though the zonal wind did not reverse at 10 hPa at 60°S, the unusual changes observed in the polar temperature and PW1 enhancement are indicative of the preconditioning to set up the major SSW. Based on WMO criteria, Yamazaki et al (2020) named the 2019 SSW as a minor SSW. The present 2019 warming features are more similar to HSW (Savenkova et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 8‐ to 12‐day waves attained their peak amplitude following the onset day of SSW, and 5‐ to 9‐day waves appeared just before the onset day of SSW and faded afterward. The presence of 5‐ to 9‐day and 8‐ to 12‐day PWs during/after the onset of SSW is of significant importance in recent days (Gong et al, 2018; Yamazaki et al, 2020). Manifold studies reported the presence of the short‐period waves of period ~5–12 days (Chandran et al, 2013; Gong et al, 2018) during the SSW.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that the PW source might exist in the stratosphere. Recently, Yamazaki et al (2020) presented the source mechanism of short‐period (Quasi 6 day) waves during the 2019 SSW, and they noted the PW source in the stratosphere (~30 km) and waves exited by the barotropic/baroclinic instability. Earlier reports (e.g., Liu et al, 2015; Merzlyakov et al, 2013) also suggested that the short‐period (5 day) waves observed at the MLT region are mostly generated in the stratosphere first by barotropic/baroclinic instability and then propagate upward into MLT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, the stratosphere modelers forecast the unexpected increase of temperature in the upper atmosphere of the SH polar region and stated that it will be a very rare warming over the SH and stronger than 2002 major SSW (Lewis, 2019; Rao et al, 2020). Yamazaki et al (2020) provided the observational evidence of 2019 SSW. Further, the present warming over the SH has an eminent significance as it occurred during the descending easterly phase of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) since the QBO shows its effects on the modulation of the polar vortex strength and PWs (Lu et al, 2019; Niranjan Kumar et al, 2019; Watson & Gray, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Unusual Changes in the Antarctic Middle Atmosphere During the 2019 Warming in the Southern Hemisphere

Eswaraiah

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A rare sudden stratosphere warming (SSW) occurred in the Southern Hemisphere polar region in 2019. The polar stratosphere temperature and planetary wave (PW) enhancements are found to be unusual from the history for 40 years; hence, it is an "Extremely-Rare" SSW. The distinct features of the mesosphere winds were observed during the SSW, in association with the traveling PWs in the stratosphere. The mesosphere zonal winds reversed for about 20 days before the peak SSW. Meteor radar (MR) and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)-2 observations indicate that the zonal wind reversal was descended with time, and the reversal was larger over~72°S than the MR site (62°S). The MR detected the PWs of 14-22 days before and 8-12 days following the SSW in the mesosphere. We further noticed the enhancement of wavenumber 1 signature in the mesosphere during the peak SSW over the polar region. Thus, the polar middle-atmosphere is greatly affected by the SSW.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unusual Changes in the Antarctic Middle Atmosphere During the 2019 Warming in the Southern Hemisphere

Eswaraiah

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8), due to the large inter-annual variability in vortex breakup dates (Strahan et al, 2015). The lower wintertime variability would increase if a longer period was considered to include the exceptional Antarctic vortices of 2002 (Newman and Nash, 2005) and 2019 (Yamazaki et al, 2019). Above the Arctic the horizontal mixing and the vertical advection terms are most variable during winter, reflecting the frequent disruptions of the northern polar vortex by sudden stratospheric warmings (Butler et al, 2017).…”

Section: Polar Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatological impact of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation on the N2O budget in WACCM, a chemical reanalysis and a CTM driven by four dynamical reanalyses

Minganti¹,

Chabrillat²,

Christophe³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The Brewer&#8211;Dobson Circulation (BDC) transports chemical tracers from the well-mixed tropical troposphere to the polar stratosphere, with many important implications for climate, chemistry, ozone distribution and recovery. Since the photochemical losses of nitrous oxide (N2O) are well-known, model differences in its rate of change are due to transport processes that can be separated in the mean residual advection and the isentropic mixing terms in the Transformed Eulerian Mean (TEM) framework. Here the climatological impact of the stratospheric BDC on the long-lived tracer N2O is evaluated through a comparison of its TEM budget in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), a chemical reanalysis of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder version 2 (BRAM2) and in a Chemistry-Transport Model (CTM) driven by four modern reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, MERRA and MERRA2). The effects of stratospheric transport on the N2O rate of change, as depicted in this study, have not been compared across this variety of datasets and never investigated in a chemical reanalysis. We focus on the seasonal means and climatological annual cycles of the two main contributions to the N2O TEM budget: the vertical residual advection and the horizontal mixing terms. The N2O mixing ratio in the CTM experiments has a spread of approximately ~&#8201;20&#8201;% in the middle stratosphere, reflecting the large diversity in the mean Age of Air obtained with the same experiments. In all datasets the TEM budget is well-closed and the agreement between the vertical advection terms is qualitatively very good in the Northern Hemisphere, and good in the Southern Hemisphere except above the Antarctic region. The datasets do not agree as well with respect to the horizontal mixing term, especially in the Northern Hemisphere where horizontal mixing has a smaller contribution in WACCM than in the reanalyses. WACCM is investigated through three model realizations and a sensitivity test where gravity waves are forced differently in the Southern Hemisphere. The internal variability of the horizontal mixing in WACCM is large in the polar regions, and comparable to the differences between the dynamical reanalyses. The sensitivity test has a relatively small impact on the horizontal mixing term, but significantly changes the vertical advection term and produces a less realistic N2O annual cycle above the Antarctic. In this region, all reanalyses show a large wintertime N2O decrease, which is mainly due to horizontal mixing. This is not seen with WACCM, where the horizontal mixing term barely contributes to the TEM budget. While we must use caution in the interpretation of the differences in this region, where the reanalyses show large residuals of the TEM budget, they could be due to the fact that the polar jet is stronger and not tilted equatorward in WACCM compared with the reanalyses. We also compare the inter-annual variability in the horizontal mixing and the vertical advection terms. As expected, the horizontal mixing term presents a large variability during austral fall and boreal winter in the polar regions. In the Tropics, the inter-annual variability of the vertical advection term is much smaller in WACCM and JRA-55 than in the other experiments. The large residual in the reanalyses and the disagreement between WACCM and the reanalyses in the Antarctic region highlight the need for further investigations on the modeling of transport in this region of the stratosphere.

show abstract

Temperature tele‐connections between the tropical and polar middle atmosphere in the Southern Hemisphere during the 2010 minor sudden stratospheric warming

Eswaraiah

Lee

et al. 2020

Atmospheric Science Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Southern Hemispheric (SH) sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are relatively rare compared to their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. No study has so far investigated the impacts of the SH minor SSWs on the tropical atmosphere and connection between the tropical and polar atmospheres. Here, we analyze the MERRA-2 and ERA-interim datasets, and Microwave Limb Sounder satellite temperature measurements to investigate the tropical and polar atmosphere tele-connections during the SH minor SSW that occurred in 2010. Our analysis shows the strong anti-correlation between the polar and tropical temperatures during the 2010 minor SSW in the stratosphere and mesosphere. This is the first observational study over the SH that reveals the tele-connection between the tropical and polar middle atmospheres through the temperature during a minor SSW. We verified this tele-connection, using simulations of the Ground-to-topside model of Atmosphere and Ionosphere for Aeronomy (GAIA) model during the 2010 minor SSW. GAIA model simulations show the temperature anti-correlation between the tropical and polar middle atmosphere and zonal wind variations. The feature of meridional circulation changes was also observed during the SSW period. Hence, the present study strongly suggests that even minor SSW in the SH can affect the meridional circulation in the middle atmosphere via planetary wave activity.

show abstract

September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming: Quasi‐6‐Day Wave Burst and Ionospheric Effects

Cited by 103 publications

References 113 publications

Unusual Changes in the Antarctic Middle Atmosphere During the 2019 Warming in the Southern Hemisphere

Unusual Changes in the Antarctic Middle Atmosphere During the 2019 Warming in the Southern Hemisphere

Climatological impact of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation on the N<sub>2</sub>O budget in WACCM, a chemical reanalysis and a CTM driven by four dynamical reanalyses

Temperature tele‐connections between the tropical and polar middle atmosphere in the Southern Hemisphere during the 2010 minor sudden stratospheric warming

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming: Quasi‐6‐Day Wave Burst and Ionospheric Effects

Cited by 103 publications

References 113 publications

Unusual Changes in the Antarctic Middle Atmosphere During the 2019 Warming in the Southern Hemisphere

Unusual Changes in the Antarctic Middle Atmosphere During the 2019 Warming in the Southern Hemisphere

Climatological impact of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation on the N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O budget in WACCM, a chemical reanalysis and a CTM driven by four dynamical reanalyses

Temperature tele‐connections between the tropical and polar middle atmosphere in the Southern Hemisphere during the 2010 minor sudden stratospheric warming

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Climatological impact of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation on the N<sub>2</sub>O budget in WACCM, a chemical reanalysis and a CTM driven by four dynamical reanalyses