Sepsis Risk Factors in Elderly Patients at Royal Prima Medan General Hospital

Abstract

Sepsis is a severe infectious disease accompanied by the discovery of a systemic response that can include hypothermia, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and fatigue. Some studies suggest age is the most common risk factor for sepsis. The goal of the study was to determine the risk factors for sepsis in elderly patients associated based on age, gender, diagnosis, location of the infection, and length of treatment. The study used 100 samples of elderly patients aged 60 years diagnosed with sepsis. Descriptive analysis techniques with cross-sectional designs are used to explain the characteristics of each research variable. The results of the study explained that the risk factors for sepsis most in elderly patients by age are 70 years as many as 53 people (53.0%), female sex as many as 52 people (52.0%), endocrinological diagnoses as many as 24 people (23.5%), the location of lung infections as many as 20 people (19.6%), the length of treatment 3 to 7 days as many as 45 people (45%). Based on the results of the study showed that the elderly are an age that is susceptible to sepsis because the immune system and organ function will decrease with age. Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, and infections of the lungs are the biggest risk factors for sepsis in the elderly.

Profile Hemodynamic and Use Vasoactive Drugs in Critical Sepsis Patients in the Inpatient Unit of RSUD Dr. Soetomo Period 1 February - 31 March 2023

“…The initial diagnosis of patients arriving at the inpatient facility was with an endocrinology diagnosis for 13 (15.38%) patients, followed by neurology 10 (15.38%), gastroenterology 9 (13.85%) and respiration 6 (9.63%). The research results are in line with Djuang, et al (2022) the largest percentage is endocrine (23.5%) According to theory based on endocrinology diagnosis, the comorbid disease most frequently affected by sepsis is diabetes mellitus [5] . According to research by D'Almeida, et al, (2021), sepsis in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital has a higher prevalence rate in women, 55% and 62.5%, respectively [9] .…”

“…Based on the research results, the gender of critical sepsis patients in Inpatient Installation Dr. Soetomo 1 February -31 March 2023 was obtained the majority were women with 34 patients (52.31%) followed by men with 31 patients (47.69%). The results of this research are in line with research conducted by Hatman et al (2021) at Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, where the majority of sepsis patients were women (57.14%) compared to men (42.86%) [4] .Another research study Djuang, et al (2022) at the Royal Prima General Hospital, Medan, the results of the gender category research were that women were the most numerous (55.7%) compared to men (44.7%) [5] . This research shows the age of critical sepsis patients, namely there are several categories in late adolescence (1.54%) aged 17 to 25, followed by early adulthood (4.62%) aged 26 to 35, then late adulthood (12.31%) %) around the age of 36 to 45, early elderly (18.46%) aged 46 to 55, late elderly (26.15%) aged 56 to 65, seniors (36.92%) over 65 years of age.…”

“…Furthermore, gastroenterology most often occurs in ulceration of the stomach, duodenum and esophagus. The most common respiratory diagnoses with comorbid diseases are tuberculosis (TB), COPD, bronchogenic Ca (Djuang et al, 2022) [5] . The location of the sepsis infection was in the Inpatient Installation at RSUD Dr. Soetomo 1 February -31 March 2023 mostly in the lungs (27.69%).…”

Characteristics of Adult Sepsis Patients Admitted to Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia

“…Another study revealed that sepsis patients were mostly suffered by the age group more than 65 years compared to other age groups. 5 In older age, there is a decrease in immune system function known as immunosenescence. Immunosenescence affects the capacity of both the innate and adaptive immune systems.…”

“…This can occur as the body's immune system decreases with age. 5 Male gender has also been reported to be more likely to suffer from sepsis rather than female. This may be due to the influence of female sex hormones that are reported to affect the immune system, which may cause a protective effect in females.…”