Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury Is Alleviated by Small Molecules from Dietary Plants via Pyroptosis Modulation

Abstract

Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has high morbidity and mortality, and it has three major pathogeneses, namely alveolar–capillary barrier destruction, elevated gut permeability, and reduced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETS), all of which are pyroptosis-involved. Due to limitations of current agents like adverse reaction superposition, inevitable drug resistance, and relatively heavier financial burden, naturally extracted small-molecule compounds have a broad market even though chemically modified drugs have straightforward efficacy. Despite increased understanding of the molecular biology and mechanism underlying sepsis-induced ARDS, there are no specific reviews concerning how small molecules from dietary plants alleviate sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) via regulating pyroptotic cell death. Herein, we traced and reviewed the molecular underpinnings of sepsis-induced ALI with a focus on small-molecule compounds from dietary plants, the top three categories of which are respectively flavonoids and flavone, terpenoids, and polyphenol and phenolic acids, and how they rescued septic ALI by restraining pyroptosis.

Sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction and pathogenetic mechanisms (Review)

“…Iron molecules contribute to the aggregation of ferritin at the cell membrane through the HO-1 reaction; however, activation of iron molecules by ferritin leads to an increase in iron output, leading to iron enrichment ( 136 , 137 ). By regulating the key molecule GSDMD, pyroptosis activates NLRP 3 inflammatory bodies and caspase 1-dependent apoptosis, leading to myocardial dysfunction in sepsis ( 138 , 139 ).…”