Sepsis: An arginine deficiency state?

Luiking, Yvette C.; Poeze, Martijn; Dejong, Cornelis H. C.; Ramsay, Graham; Deutz, N.E.P.

doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000142939.81045.a0

Cited by 153 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…One explanation is that this represents greater net removal in response to the endotoxin challenge. Indeed, a number of studies have implicated greater requirement for arginine in injury and sepsis (7)(8)(9)(10) , probably due to changes in blood flow with associated need for greater nitric oxide synthesis (38) . Furthermore, arginine supplementation lowered the increased villus height induced by LPS in rats (10) , and reduced TNF-α in the ileum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 12 h onwards a mixture of stable isotope-labelled AA was infused into all animals as described previously (18) . Briefly, 1 g [U- 13 C]whole algal hydrolysate prepared from Celtone-C (Martek Biosciences Corporation), plus 100 mg L-[5-13 C]methyl methionine 100 mg, 120 mg L-[1-13 C]cysteine and 150 mg L- [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] N]glutamine (all sourced from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories), was dissolved in 100 ml of buffered physiological saline (pH 7·4) containing 50 000 IU of heparin and infused at 10 g/h. Methionine, cysteine and glutamine were added, as these AA are lost during the acid hydrolysis preparation of the whole algal powder.…”

Section: Main Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, practical and theoretical arguments have been presented for additional arginine in cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders (7)(8)(9)(10) , for cysteine (11) , leucine (12) and threonine (13) in sepsis, for glutamine in endotoxaemia (10) , and for phenylalanine to support acutephase protein synthesis (14) . In other situations, combinations of AA have been proposed (10,15,16) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

et al. 2015

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Some effects of parasitism, endotoxaemia or sepsis can be mitigated by provision of extra protein. Supplemented protein may encompass a metabolic requirement for specific amino acids (AA). The current study investigates a method to identify and quantify the amounts of AA required during inflammation induced by an endotoxin challenge. One of each pair of six twin sheep was infused in the jugular vein for 20 h with either saline (control) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 ng/kg body weight per min) from Escherichia coli. Between 12 and 20 h a mixture of stable isotope-labelled AA was infused to measure irreversible loss rates. From 16 to 20 h all sheep were supplemented with a mixture of unlabelled AA infused intravenously. Blood samples were taken before the start of infusions, and then continuously over intervals between 14 and 20 h. At 20 h the sheep were euthanised, and liver and kidney samples were taken for measurement of serine-threonine dehydratase (SDH) activity. LPS infusion decreased plasma concentrations of most AA (P < 0·05; P < 0·10 for leucine and tryptophan), except for phenylalanine (which increased P = 0·022) and tyrosine. On the basis of the incremental response to the supplemental AA, arginine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, lysine (tendency only), glycine, methionine, proline, serine and threonine were important in the metabolic response to the endotoxaemia. The AA infusion between 16 and 20 h restored the plasma concentrations in the LPS-treated sheep for the majority of AA, except for glutamine, isoleucine, methionine, serine and valine. LPS treatment increased (P < 0·02) SDH activity in both liver and kidney. The approach allows quantification of key AA required during challenge situations.Key words: Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide: Amino acids: Irreversible loss rate: Serine-threonine dehydratase: SheepThe protein and amino acid (AA) demands of animals for normal physiological states (e.g. growth, pregnancy and lactation) are now well characterised, especially for pigs and poultry (1) and with progress made in ruminants (2) . These requirements are altered, however, in response to injury, infection and parasitic challenge. In many cases, impact of these challenges can be ameliorated and the rate of recovery improved by provision of additional protein in the diet (3)(4)(5)(6) . Often, however, the amount of protein required is not known, with consequences for both animal performance and farm economics.More importantly, protein per se may not be required, but instead the metabolic responses to the challenge may increase the demand for specific AA. For example, practical and theoretical arguments have been presented for additional arginine in cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders (7)(8)(9)(10) , for cysteine (11) , leucine (12) and threonine (13) in sepsis, for glutamine in endotoxaemia (10) , and for phenylalanine to support acutephase protein synthesis (14) . In other situations, combinations of AA have been proposed (10,15,16) . Obviously different stages of injury, infection or recover...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

et al. 2015

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“…Arginine auxotrophy is directly beneficial to the adapting organism in allowing evasion of a harsh mechanism of host defense, as L-arginine is the common substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthase and arginase ( Figure 6) (Grasemann et al, 2006a;Luiking et al, 2004;Munder, 2009;Ricciardolo et al, 2004). NO produced by airway epithelia is also involved in bronchomotor tone, ciliary beating, and regulation of inflammatory and immune responses (Bals et al, 1999;Nappi, 2001;Ricciardolo et al, 2004).…”

Section: Cf Pa Evasion Of Host Defenses By Inactivation Of Arginine Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic pulmonary pseudomonal infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: A model for early phase symbiotic evolution

Qin

2014

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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To cite this article: Xuan Qin (2016) Chronic pulmonary pseudomonal infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: A model for early phase symbiotic evolution, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 42:1, 144-157, DOI: 10.3109/1040841X.2014 AbstractGain of ''antimicrobial resistance'' and ''adaptive virulence'' has been the dominant view of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) in cystic fibrosis (CF) in the progressively damaged host airway over the course of this chronic infection. However, the pathogenic effects of CF airway-adapted Pa strains are notably reduced. We propose that CF Pa and other bacterial cohabitants undergo host adaptation which resembles the changes found in bacterial symbionts in animal hosts. Development of clonally selected and intraspecific isogenic Pa strains which display divergent colony morphology, growth rate, auxotrophy, and antibiotic susceptibility in vitro suggests an adaptive sequence of infective exploitation-parasitism-symbiotic evolution driven by host defenses. Most importantly, the emergence of CF pseudomonal auxotrophy is frequently associated with a few specific amino acids. The selective retention or loss of specific amino acid biosynthesis in CF-adapted Pa reflects bacterium-host symbiosis and coevolution during chronic infection, not nutrient availability. This principle also argues against the long-standing concept of dietary availability leading to evolution of essential amino acid requirements in humans. A novel model of pseudomonal adaptation through multicellular bacterial syntrophy is proposed to explain early events in bacterial gene decay and decreased (not increased) virulence due to symbiotic response to host defense.

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“…A suplementação com esse aminoácido, em condições fisiológicas ou patológicas (como na gravidez, sepse ou trauma) é essencial para o organismo, uma vez que a demanda necessária excede a capacidade de produção desse elemento (LUIKING et al, 2004;BERNARD et al, 2001;BRONTE & ZANOVELLO, 2005).…”

Section: Arginina é Extremamente Benéfica à Função Imune Lewis and Lanunclassified

Efeitos da administração de Zinco e L-arginina na prenhez de ratos Wistar infectados pela cepa Y de Trypanosoma cruzi

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El zinc es un elemento de gran importancia para el desarrollo intrauterino y es usado durante el embarazo para auxiliar al crecimiento fetal. La arginina, un aminoácido dibásico, además de ser necesario para el crecimiento, presenta importantes funciones biológicas y fisiológicas. Algunos autores mostraron que la ingestión de la arginina mejora la respuesta inmune. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el rollo de la suplementación alimentar de L-arginina y zinc en la infección chagásica experimental de ratas preñas. Para tanto, fueron utilizadas ratas Wistar infectadas por la cepa Y del Trypanosoma cruzi en el tercer día de la preñez, y tratadas con L-arginina o sulfato de zinc. Algunos parámetros fueron evaluados como el dosaje del óxido nítrico, citoquinas (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-10), corticosterona, número de macrófagos, linfoproliferación de esplenócitos, parasitemia y análisis histopatológico del corazón, placentas y fetos. La administración de zinc y arginina causó reducción del parasitismo sanguíneo y cardíaco, ocasionó un aumento significativo en las concentraciones de oxido nítrico y en la proliferación de esplenócitos. Además, contribuyó para el mejor desarrollo fetal.De esa forma, podemos sugerir que la suplementación con estos elementos puede ser utilizada como una substancia inmunomoduladora alternativa y juntamente con la terapia antiparasitaria específica, minimizar las agresiones al hospedero, evitando la administración por largos períodos de la droga tripanocida que sabidamente produce serios efectos colaterales y teratogénicos.

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Sepsis: An arginine deficiency state?

Cited by 153 publications

References 172 publications

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

Chronic pulmonary pseudomonal infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: A model for early phase symbiotic evolution

Efeitos da administração de Zinco e L-arginina na prenhez de ratos Wistar infectados pela cepa Y de Trypanosoma cruzi

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