Separations and recovery of indium and gallium using bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272)

Gupta, Brij Mohan; Mudhar, Niti; Singh, I. S.

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2007.04.011

Cited by 134 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Toward the development of recovery techniques of In(III) and Ga(III), a variety of extractants such as organic phosphoric acids [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], amines [10,11], carboxylic acids [12] and oximes [6,12,13] have been actively studied for the selective extraction of In (III) and Ga (III). Gupta et al reported that In (III) and Ga (III) were qualitative extracted at hydrochloric acid concentrations of over 0.01 M(= mol dm -3 ) and 1 M hydrochloric acids, respectively when Cyanex 923 in toluene was used [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Extraction of Indium(III) and Gallium(III) with 2-Ethylhexyl Thioglycolate

Miura

Tokumaru

Oshima

et al. 2017

SERDJ

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Extraction selectivity of In (III) and Ga (III) was investigated using 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate (EHTG) with a thiol group and an oxygen atom to recover these metals from zinc refinery residue and waste solar panels. The extraction order with EHTG was Cu(II)>In(III)>Ga(III)>Zn(II), while Al (III) was hardly extracted at all. While In(III) and Ga(III) were not extracted at all with 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) with contains only a thiol group although Zn (II) and Cu (II) were extracted. This indicates that the oxygen atom in the EHTG ester plays an important role in the extraction of these metals. The mutual separation of In(III), Ga(III), Zn(II) and Cu(II) is possible in almost one step with EHTG. The extraction equilibria of In(III) and Ga(III) with EHTG are also discussed. Furthermore, the stripping of In(III) and Ga(III) extracted into the organic phase was achieved using appropriate concentrations of NaOH and acids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Extraction of Indium(III) and Gallium(III) with 2-Ethylhexyl Thioglycolate

Miura

Tokumaru

Oshima

et al. 2017

SERDJ

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“…Indium has no ore of its own and is generally found in low concentrations in some sulphide ores of zinc, copper and lead, from which it is procured as a by-product [5]. The technology revolution created an increasing demand for indium while the boom in its price is due to the policies of the nations with indium reserves (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important end use of indium in recent years is to manufacture indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin film, an optoelectronic material with the characteristics of transparency to visible light, electric conduction and thermal reflection [2,3]. ITO thin film is widely used in designing liquid-crystal displays (LCD), plasma displays and solar-energy cell [3], and consume about two-third of the global indium production [4].Indium has no ore of its own and is generally found in low concentrations in some sulphide ores of zinc, copper and lead, from which it is procured as a by-product [5]. The technology revolution created an increasing demand for indium while the boom in its price is due to the policies of the nations with indium reserves (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recovery of indium from end-of-life liquid-crystal display panels using aminopolycarboxylate chelants with the aid of mechanochemical treatment

Hasegawa

Rahman

Egawa

et al. 2013

Microchemical Journal

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The metal indium termed as 'rare' in recent days due to its increasing demand in the formulations of electronic and energy-related gadgets and scarce supply resources. Hence, the attempts to recover indium from the secondary resources, such as recycling of the indium abundant waste materials, received increasing research focus. The major indium consumption happens in the form of indium tin oxide (ITO) that used for the fabrication of liquid-crystal displays (LCD). The end-of-life LCD screens, termed as ITO-glass hereafter, are an emerging contributor to the global e-waste load and can be an impending secondary source of indium.The present work introduces a new technique for the treatment of waste ITO-glass using aminopolycarboxylate chelants (APCs) in combination with a mechanochemical treatment process. APCs are capable of forming stable complexes with the indium deposited on the ITO-glass, whereas the rate of recovery was not substantial. The mechanochemical treatment induces the destruction of crystalline structure with which the ITO fragments are attached and facilitate the increased indium dissolution with the chelants. The increase was more prominent followed by a decrease in the cumulative processing time from 24 to 6 h when the vitrified ITO-glass was simultaneously crushed and washed with the chelants. The extraction of indium was better at the acidic pH condition, and it was further intensified when the operating temperature was raised to ≥ 120 °C. Keywords:Indium; Indium tin oxide; Liquid crystal display; Waste; Recovery; Mechanochemical treatment Microchemical Journal (In Press). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.010 3 IntroductionIndium has emerged as an important strategic element in electronic and energy-related industries due to its specific applications [1,2]. The most important end use of indium in recent years is to manufacture indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin film, an optoelectronic material with the characteristics of transparency to visible light, electric conduction and thermal reflection [2,3]. ITO thin film is widely used in designing liquid-crystal displays (LCD), plasma displays and solar-energy cell [3], and consume about two-third of the global indium production [4].Indium has no ore of its own and is generally found in low concentrations in some sulphide ores of zinc, copper and lead, from which it is procured as a by-product [5]. The technology revolution created an increasing demand for indium while the boom in its price is due to the policies of the nations with indium reserves (e.g. China, South Korea). Hence, the recovery of indium from the waste resources received sincere focus from the researches [4-6].The ITO-scrap resulted from the ITO ceramic target during the conversion and application of ITO thin films on glass panels using the DC magnetron sputtering process is the most potential secondary resource of indium [2,3,6,7]. The other prospective waste resources of indium are the etching waste [1,8] and the LCD powder [6,9].The end-of-life (EoL) LCDs are a gr...

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“…Indium is an element having no ore of its own and rather available in association with zinc, lead, copper, and tin ores [1]. The most important end use of indium in recent years is to manufacture indium-tin oxide (ITO), which consume about two-third of the global indium production [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, other than the refinery production, the reclaim processing of indium from secondary materials also become important [1,2,4]. The ITO-scrap is the most potential secondary resource of indium that extensively studied for the recovery of indium [3][4][5][6], while the etching waste [7,8] and the LCD powder [4,9,10] are the other prospective waste resources of indium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Hasegawa¹,

Rahman²,

Egawa³

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Separations and recovery of indium and gallium using bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272)

Cited by 134 publications

References 15 publications

Selective Extraction of Indium(III) and Gallium(III) with 2-Ethylhexyl Thioglycolate

Selective Extraction of Indium(III) and Gallium(III) with 2-Ethylhexyl Thioglycolate

Recovery of indium from end-of-life liquid-crystal display panels using aminopolycarboxylate chelants with the aid of mechanochemical treatment

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

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