Separation of Uranium and Transuranic Elements from Rare Earth Elements by Means of Multistage Extraction in LiCl-KCl/Bi System

Kinoshita, Kensuke; Inoue, Tadashi; Fusselman, S.P.; Grimmett, D. L.; Roy, J. J.; GAY, R. L.; Krueger, C.; Nabelek, C. R.; Storvick, T. S.

doi:10.1080/18811248.1999.9726197

Cited by 73 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The focus of research institutes worldwide is to establish a method based on pyrochemical process for a more compact fuel cycle, with minimization of nuclear waste [3,4]. However, the strong neutron absorption cross sections of lanthanides (Lns) would largely pull down the transmutation efficiency [5]. A desirable separation of Ans (actinides) from Lns is the most difficult to achieve due to the similar physicochemical properties of Lns and Ans [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical extraction and separation of praseodymium and erbium on reactive magnesium electrode in molten salts

Wang

Han

et al. 2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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The electrochemical behaviors of Pr(III) and Er (III) in LiCl-KCl melts were studied on inert tungsten and reactive magnesium electrodes by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and open-circuit chronopotentiometry at 823 K. On a W electrode, the reduction of Pr(III) and Er(III) were found to be through a one-step process: Pr(III)+3e − → Pr, Er(III)+3e − →Er. On a Mg electrode, the reduction potentials of Pr(III)/Pr and Er(III)/Er were observed at more positive potential values than those on W electrode, due to the formation of Mg-Pr and Mg-Er intermetallic compounds when Pr(III) and Er(III) ions were reduced to Pr and Er metal and then react with the Mg substrate, respectively. The extraction of Pr(III) and Er(III) in LiCl-KCl melts were performed by galvanostatic electrolysis on Mg electrode, respectively. The Mg 3 Pr and Mg 24 Er 5 intermetallic compounds were obtained, which characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). In order to separate the Pr(III) and Er(III), potentiostatic electrolysis was performed at −1.9 V in LiCl-KCl-PrCl 3 -ErCl 3 melts on a Mg electrode, only one MgPr intermetallic compound, Mg 12 Pr, was found in the deposit. The separation efficiency was evaluated via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) analysis at different electrolysis time during potentiostatic electrolysis at −1.9 V. The separation efficiency of Pr(III) was about 95.3 % from the mixture of PrCl 3 -ErCl 3 in LiClKCl melts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical extraction and separation of praseodymium and erbium on reactive magnesium electrode in molten salts

Wang

Han

et al. 2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…Although the Np-Al phase diagram is not available, three intermetallic compounds were reported by Kassner and Peterson [20]: NpAl 2 , NpAl 3 and NpAl 4 . Accordingly, five potential plateaus were expected: the most negative plateau associated with Np 0 /Np 3+ red-ox couple and plateaus corresponding to the co-existence of two phases at the electrode surface in equilibrium with the dissolved Np 3+ ions (in the ascending potential sequence): Np-NpAl 2 , NpAl 2 -NpAl 3 , NpAl 3 -NpAl 4 and NpAl 4 -Al. Analogous interpretation of the plateaus can be found in literature, e.g.…”

Section: Open Circuit Chronopotentiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrorefining [3] and liquid-liquid metal reductive extraction [4] are the most developed pyrochemical techniques designed for separation of actinides (An) from a mixture with fission products, and especially lanthanides (Ln), in a molten salt media. Processes based on both techniques have been proposed using both solid and liquid aluminium for recovery of actinides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of thermodynamic properties of Np–Al alloys in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic

Souček¹,

Malmbeck²,

Mendès³

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…6) When M s , M m , " i; j , x in; j , and y in; j are given as the calculation condition, the linear simultaneous Eqs. (5) and (6) can be solved for x 1; j and x 2; j by setting the trial value of D i;Nd for each stage.…”

Section: Calculation Procedures 1 Procedures Considering Stage Efmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Multistage Counter Current Extraction of TRU from Spent Molten Salt into Liquid Metal II. Effect of Stage Efficiency, Scrub Stage, and TRU Concentration

Kobayashi

2008

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Calculation procedures have been developed to evaluate the performance of the multistage counter current extraction of transuranics (TRU) from spent molten salt into liquid metal, taking into account stage efficiency and also the scrub stage. The following results, which supplement previous papers, were derived using these procedures. When Cd is used as the liquid metal and the stage efficiency is assumed to be 100%, at least four stages are necessary to recover 99% of TRU from the salt with a decontamination factor (DF) higher than five. A stage efficiency of the extraction better than 80% is desirable for a practical application. The scrub stage is not very effective in improving the DF when the total number of extractions is less than five. The DF slightly increases with higher TRU concentration in the salt since the accompanying lanthanide FP extracted into the Cd in the later stages works as a mild reducing agent in the earlier stages. Although the extraction process has high separation capability, it is very difficult to separate Np, Am, or Cm from Pu due to their similar separation factors. Therefore, the extraction process has inherent proliferation resistance.

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Separation of Uranium and Transuranic Elements from Rare Earth Elements by Means of Multistage Extraction in LiCl-KCl/Bi System

Cited by 73 publications

References 4 publications

Electrochemical extraction and separation of praseodymium and erbium on reactive magnesium electrode in molten salts

Electrochemical extraction and separation of praseodymium and erbium on reactive magnesium electrode in molten salts

Study of thermodynamic properties of Np–Al alloys in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic

An Assessment of Multistage Counter Current Extraction of TRU from Spent Molten Salt into Liquid Metal II. Effect of Stage Efficiency, Scrub Stage, and TRU Concentration

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