Separation of Parabens on a Zirconia-Based Stationary Phase in Superheated Water Chromatography

Yarita, Takashi; Aoyagi, Yoshie; Sasai, Haruka; Nishigaki, Atsuko; Shibukawa, Masami

doi:10.2116/analsci.29.213

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Subcritical water acts like a weak polar organic solvent when heated [9][10][11][12]. When subcritical water is used as the mobile phase to achieve chromatographic separation, the process is termed as subcritical water chromatography, and has been found to be a very promising technique [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Advantages of subcritical water chromatography include the elimination of hazardous organic solvents required to separate solutes and its relatively fast analysis time [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

et al. 2020

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In order to facilitate the development of the green subcritical water chromatography technique for vanillin and coumarin, the stability of the compounds under subcritical water conditions was investigated in this work. In addition, their extraction from natural products was also studied. The stability experiments were carried out by heating the mixtures of vanillin and water or coumarin and water at temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 250 °C, while subcritical water extractions (SBWE) of both analytes from vanilla beans and whole tonka beans were conducted at 100 °C to 200 °C. Analyte quantification for both stability and extraction studies was carried out by HPLC. After heating for 60 min, vanillin was found to be stable in water at temperatures up to 250 °C. While coumarin is also stable at lower temperatures such as 100 °C and 150 °C, it undergoes partial degradation after heating for 60 min at 200 °C and higher. The results of this stability study support green subcritical water chromatographic separation and extraction of vanillin and coumarin at temperatures up to 150 °C. The SBWE results revealed that the extraction efficiency of both analytes from vanilla beans and tonka beans is significantly improved with increasing temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…As mentioned above, SBWC should be applicable to substances with a broad polarity range, mainly due to decreased water polarity with increased temperature. A wide number of low molecular weight compounds has been already separated in SHWC including alcohols [31, 52–57], aldehydes [58], aliphatic aromatic ketones [59], alkanols [28, 53, 54, 60–63], alkyl and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, benzenes/benzene derivatives [52, 56, 57, 64–71], amino acids [72–74], anilines [44, 65, 74, 75], aromatic acids [59], ketones [59, 76, 77], barbiturates [46, 78, 79], benzoates [80], caffeine derivatives [31, 66, 81, 82], carbohydrates [59, 72, 73, 80, 83], carboxylic acids [72, 84], chlorophenols [85], diethyl phthalates [68, 80], flavones [86], drugs and pharmaceuticals [87–92], nucleobases [80], parabens [46, 78, 80, 82, 93], phenols [31, 44, 46, 57, 65, 67, 74, 75, 84, 89, 94–96], phosphonic acids [73], polychlorinated biphenyls [97], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [67, 80, 97], polyethylene glycols [98], phenylthiohydantoin–amino acids [99–101], pyridines [44, 75], steroids [99, 102–104], sulphonamides [105, 106], triazine herbicides [107], triazole fungicides [108], and water‐soluble vitamins [...…”

Section: Subcritical Water Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the green frontier: Subcritical water chromatography for sustainable analytical practices

Bocian,

Dembek,

Kalisz

2024

J of Separation Science

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Water in the subcritical state is characterized by properties significantly different from water under standard conditions. These include low viscosity, low surface tension, and a much lower dielectric constant, increasing the solubility of nonpolar substances. For this reason, it can provide an alternative solvent and be used in chromatographic techniques—subcritical water chromatography (SBWC). SBWC appears to be one of the greenest analytical techniques until we unravel chromatography with pure water at room temperature. The versatility of SBWC is explored through its applications in the separation and analysis of a wide range of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, natural products, etc. The use of subcritical water as a mobile phase requires suitable stable stationary phases and special apparatus. Still, it makes it possible to conduct analyses without using organic solvents. When using this technique, it is important to remember that it suits the analysis of thermally stable substances. The following work is a critical review of developments in SBWC.

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“…Several applications of SHWC in pharmaceutical analysis have been reported in the literature [ 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. As examples, Fields et al [ 82 ] showed that the replacement of ACN/water mixtures with superheated water mobile phases in RP-HPLC can be successfully applied to the analysis of testosterone and several related compounds on a porous zirconia, PBD-coated column at temperatures up to 200 °C.…”

Section: Aqueous Mobile Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greening Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Methods Using Alternative Solvents for Pharmaceutical Analysis

et al. 2018

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The greening of analytical methods has gained increasing interest in the field of pharmaceutical analysis to reduce environmental impacts and improve the health safety of analysts. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most widely used analytical technique involved in pharmaceutical drug development and manufacturing, such as the quality control of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations, as well as the analysis of drugs in biological samples. However, RP-HPLC methods commonly use large amounts of organic solvents and generate high quantities of waste to be disposed, leading to some issues in terms of ecological impact and operator safety. In this context, greening HPLC methods is becoming highly desirable. One strategy to reduce the impact of hazardous solvents is to replace classically used organic solvents (i.e., acetonitrile and methanol) with greener ones. So far, ethanol has been the most often used alternative organic solvent. Others strategies have followed, such as the use of totally aqueous mobile phases, micellar liquid chromatography, and ionic liquids. These approaches have been well developed, as they do not require equipment investments and are rather economical. This review describes and critically discusses the recent advances in greening RP-HPLC methods dedicated to pharmaceutical analysis based on the use of alternative solvents.

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Separation of Parabens on a Zirconia-Based Stationary Phase in Superheated Water Chromatography

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

Exploring the green frontier: Subcritical water chromatography for sustainable analytical practices

Greening Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Methods Using Alternative Solvents for Pharmaceutical Analysis

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