Separation of mono- and dicarboxylic acids by liquid chromatography

Richards, M.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)89045-7

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…720 ppb 2,4-dlchloro-, (7) 580 ppb 2,4,6-trlchloro-+ 760 ppb 2,4,5-trichloro-, ( 8 ) 900 ppb 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-, (9) 940 ppb pentachlorophenol at +1.20 V and can interfere with phenol determination using the ODs-2 column but not when using the cation-exchange resin columns. Another advantage of the resin columns was their added selectivity for phenols.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sample throughput of 180 samples per hour was reported. Fleet, Ho, and Tenygl (8)(9)(10) have developed porous silver electrodes for amperometric detection in automated analysis. Chemical oxygen demand, dichromate, permanganate, hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide were determined with a sample throughput of 10-20 samples per hour depending on whether the current output was integrated or not.…”

Section: A N Strohl' and D J Curran'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major consideration when choosing a column for waste stream analysis is long term stability. Experience in our laboratories (9,10) and studies by Walton et al (11,12) have shown that good chromatographic resolution can be obtained with styrene-divinylbenzene base cation-exchange resins. Also these resins are totally unaffected by repeated injections of strong acids, bases, or concentrated brine solutions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Trace determination of phenolic compounds in water by reversed phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using a carbon-polyethylene tubular anode

Armentrout¹,

McLean²,

Long³

1979

Anal. Chem.

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A llquld chromatographic system, capable of selectlvely detecting individual phenolic compounds at 1-ppb levels in water, is described. A polymeric-cation-exchange resin column, acidic acetonitrile-water eluent, and an electrochemical detector containing a unique carbon-black/polyethylene tubular anode are employed. Various types of carbon electrodes have been evaluated, as well as elution order and detector sensitivities for numerous phenolic compounds. Applications of the system to water analyses are presented.Phenolic compounds, especially halogenated ones, are of concern in the environment because of their toxicity to fish and other aquatic life and their adverse affect on water and fish taste ( I ) . Colorimetric analysis with 4-aminoantipyrene usually is employed to measure total phenols (2). However, most para-substituted phenols will not respond adequately, and no information concerning identity is obtained. T o identify and quantitatively measure total phenols a t ppb levels, procedures generally involve solvent extraction and either extensive solvent concentration followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or selective derivatization and GC with electron capture detection ( 3 ) . Disadvantages of the GC methods are sample preparation time, cost of MS equipment, incomplete recoveries for most phenols, and the lack of detector selectivity when only phenols are desired.A variety of liquid chromatographic (LC) columns have been used to separate mixtures of phenols in water samples (4-8). A major consideration when choosing a column for waste stream analysis is long term stability. Experience in our laboratories (9, IO) and studies by Walton et al. (11,12) have shown that good chromatographic resolution can be obtained with styrene-divinylbenzene base cation-exchange resins. Also these resins are totally unaffected by repeated injections of strong acids, bases, or concentrated brine solutions. If necessary, the columns can be emptied, cleaned, and refilled easily.Electrochemical detection of phenols after LC separation was demonstrated in 1973 by Takata and Muto (7). Since then, numerous publications describing electrochemical cell constructions and applications have appeared in the literature and were reviewed by Kissinger through December 1977 (13-15). Until recently, the material of choice for oxidative working electrodes was carbon paste. It is inert, easily replaced when fouled, and yields a low and stable residual current. However, it is unsuitable for LC eluents containing appreciable methanol or acetonitrile because the organic binder of the paste dissolves. Thus, a more universally applicable anode material is required.Glassy carbon is presently the alternative anode material of choice. It performs well in an electrochemical detector once the surface has been rigorously polished (16). In our experience, the electrode will become passivated during wastewater analysis and provision must be made for renewing the surface when this occurs.We were searching for an anode material that possess...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A N Strohl' and D J Curran'mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trace determination of phenolic compounds in water by reversed phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using a carbon-polyethylene tubular anode

Armentrout¹,

McLean²,

Long³

1979

Anal. Chem.

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The development of LC methods has been slow, primarily owing to the poor UVas^o r refractive index detector response for the free acids. This then required either the use of a more sensitive wavelength, as suggested by Richards (7) for acetic acid (210 nm) or derivatization to form benzyl (8), p-nitrobenzyl (9) or naphthacyl (10) ester derivatives. These procedures extended the absolute sensitivity to 0.4-100 ng acid/sample, though the addition of a large excess of deriv-0003-2700/80/0352-0321 $01.00/0 © 1980 American Chemical Society atizing reagents with inevitable side reactions puts a limit on their application to trace determinations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of ion residence times in the source are needed not only for a-priori estimates of sensitivities in conjunction with known reaction rate constants (5), but also are essential for rate and equilibrium studies. Residence times are frequently estimated from source dimensions and idealized drift behavior which are described by equations originally developed by Langevin (6) and summarized well by McDaniel (7). Residence times calculated by this method are occasionally in serious error (1, 2, 7, 8) and particularly for ions drifting in polar neutral gases there does not currently exist a universally accepted model (9,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%