Separation of Mercury(II) from Industrial Wastewater through Polymer Inclusion Membranes with Calix[4]pyrrole Derivative

Abstract

Polymer membranes with immobilized ligands are encouraging alternatives for the removal of toxic metal ions from aquatic waste streams, including industrial wastewater, in view of their high selectivity, stability, removal efficacy and low energy demands. In this study, polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) based on cellulose triacetate, with a calix[4]pyrrole derivative as an ion carrier, were tested for their capability to dispose mercury (Hg(II)) ions from industrial wastewater. The impacts were assessed relative to carrier content, the quantity of plasticizer in the membrane, the hydrocholoric acid concentration in the source phase, and the character of the receiving phase on the performance of Hg(II) elimination. Optimally designed PIMs could be an interesting option for the industrial wastewater treatment due to the high removal efficiency of Hg(II) and great repeatability.

Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Polymer Inclusion Membrane Containing calix[4]pyrrole

“…The PIMs are one of the new type liquid membrane which, due to their structure and high resistance against elution of an ion carrier, are now more often used in a variety of industries for removing dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions and upgrading and purifying a variety of elements and chemicals [14][15][16][17][18][19]. The technology is utilised in a wide variety of applications, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, industrial chemicals, petrochemicals, the food industry, base metal purification, and precious metal refinement.…”

Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Polymer Inclusion Membrane Containing Calix[4]pyrrole

“…PIMs are one of the new types of liquid membranes that, due to their structure and high resistance against elution of an ion carrier, are now more often used in a variety of industries for removing dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions and upgrading and purifying a variety of elements and chemicals [14][15][16][17][18][19]. The technology is utilized in a wide variety of applications, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, industrial chemicals, petrochemicals, the food industry, base metal purification, and precious metal refinement.…”

Comparison of Kinetic Models Applied for Transport Description in Polymer Inclusion Membranes

“…This simple model, as represented by Equations (1) and (2), is most frequently used to describe transport kinetics in PIMs. For example, only last year, it was used to describe the removal of fluoride [ 8 ] and phenol [ 9 ], the separation of mercury(II) [ 10 ], the separation of lithium and magnesium [ 11 , 12 ], the recovery of bismuth(III) [ 13 ] and scandium [ 14 ], the extraction of arsenic(V) [ 15 ], the separation of Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions [ 16 ], and the removal of antibiotics [ 17 ].…”

“…Noteworthy is the fact that, in some cases, the model fit quality is poor [ 15 , 17 ] or does not satisfy the criterion of a random distribution of residuals [ 10 , 16 ]. This means that a different or more advanced model should be used to describe the transport kinetics.…”