Separation of lutetium using a novel bifunctional ionic liquid based on phosphonate functionalization

Zeng, Zhiyuan; Su, Xiang; Gao, Yun; Yu, Gaoshan; Ni, Shuainan; Su, Jia; Sun, Xiaoqi

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118439

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Adsorption Sc [32], La [33], Nd [34], Gd [35,36], Dy [37,38], Er [39], Tm [40] Solvent Extraction Sc [41], Y [42], Pr [43], Nd [44], Sm [45], Eu [46], Gd [36], Tb [47], Tm [48]…”

Section: Separation Methods Suitable Reesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the REEs Energy Footprint: Interlocking AI/ML with an Empirical Approach for Analysis of Energy Consumption in REEs Production

Pathapati,

Singh,

Free

et al. 2024

Processes

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Rare earth elements (REEs including Sc, Y) are critical minerals for developing sustainable energy sources. The gradual transition adopted in developed and developing countries to meet energy targets has propelled the need for REEs in addition to critical metals (CMs). The rise in demand which has propelled REEs into the spotlight is driven by the crucial role these REEs play in technologies that aim to reduce our carbon footprint in the atmosphere. Regarding decarbonized technologies in the energy sector, REEs are widely applied for use in NdFeB permanent magnets, which are crucial parts of wind turbines and motors of electric vehicles. The underlying motive behind exploring the energy and carbon footprint caused by REEs production is to provide a more complete context and rationale for REEs usage that is more holistic. Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) models with empirical approaches aids in flowsheet validation, and thus, it presents a vivid holistic picture. The energy needed for REEs production is linked with the source of REEs. The availability of REEs varies widely across the globe. REEs are either produced from ores with associated gangue or impurities. In contrast, in other scenarios, REEs can be produced from the waste of other mineral deposits or discarded REEs-based products. These variations in the source of feed materials, and the associated grade and mineral associations, vary the process flowsheet for each type of production. Thus, the ability to figure out energy outcomes from various scenarios, and a knowledge of energy requirements for the production and commercialization of multiple opportunities, is needed. However, this type of information concerning REEs production is not readily available as a standardized value for a particular material, according to its source and processing method. The related approach for deciding the energy and carbon footprint for different processing approaches and sources relies on the following three sub-processes: mining, beneficiation, and refining. Some sources require incorporating all three, whereas others need two or one, depending on resource availability. The available resources in the literature tend to focus on the life cycle assessment of REEs, using various sources, and they focus little on the energy footprint. For example, a few researchers have focused on the cumulative energy needed for REE production without making assessments of viability. Thus, this article aims to discuss the energy needs for each process, rather than on a specific flowsheet, to define process viability more effectively regarding energy need, availability, and the related carbon footprint.

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“…Adsorption Sc [32], La [33], Nd [34], Gd [35,36], Dy [37,38], Er [39], Tm [40] Solvent Extraction Sc [41], Y [42], Pr [43], Nd [44], Sm [45], Eu [46], Gd [36], Tb [47], Tm [48]…”

Section: Separation Methods Suitable Reesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the REEs Energy Footprint: Interlocking AI/ML with an Empirical Approach for Analysis of Energy Consumption in REEs Production

Pathapati,

Singh,

Free

et al. 2024

Processes

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“…6−8 Most commercial lutetium ion separation processes rely largely on multistage counter-current liquid−liquid extractions, where lutetium is separated in the later stages. 9,10 Selective precipitation of lanthanide salts is increasing in popularity as a possible purification alternative owing to its relatively low energy demand. However, this technique has mainly focused on group lanthanide recovery rather than specific cation isolation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While nearly every stable lanthanide and actinide is of technological importance, lutetium is currently seeing use in applications running the gamut from hydrocarbon cracking to cancer treatments using the medicinal isotope 177 Lu, optical lenses, scintillators, and X-ray phosphors. − Most commercial lutetium ion separation processes rely largely on multistage counter-current liquid–liquid extractions, where lutetium is separated in the later stages. , Selective precipitation of lanthanide salts is increasing in popularity as a possible purification alternative owing to its relatively low energy demand. However, this technique has mainly focused on group lanthanide recovery rather than specific cation isolation. − Moreover, precipitation-based separations have proved most effective in targeting light lanthanide cations, with, for example, La(III)/Ln(III) separation factors of up to 248 having been reported .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deferasirox Derivatives: Ligands for the Lanthanide Series

Mangel,

Juarez,

Carpenter

et al. 2023

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Deferasirox is an FDA-approved iron chelator used in the treatment of iron toxicity. In this work, we report the use of several deferasirox derivatives as lanthanide chelators. Solid-state structural studies of three representative trivalent lanthanide cations, La(III), Eu(III), and Lu(III), revealed the formation of 2:2 complexes in the solid state. A 1:1 stoichiometry dominates in DMSO solution, with K a values of 472 ± 14, 477 ± 11, and 496 ± 15 M–1 being obtained in the case of these three cations, respectively. Under the conditions of competitive precipitation in the presence of triethylamine, high selectivity (up to 80%) for lutetium(III) was observed in competition with La(III), Ce(III), and Eu(III). Theoretical calculations provided support for the observed selective crystallization.

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“…Meanwhile, it is very important to select an extractant which can effectively and quickly separate REEs. 9 The key issues include the following: (1) REEs, whose chemical composition and physicochemical properties are nearly identical, are often mixed in ores, making it difficult to separate them into individual elements. 10–17 (2) Since the crystal structure of an REE complex with an acid phosphoric extractant has not been obtained experimentally, the complex structure is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction-determined extraction capacity between rare earth ions and extractants: taking lanthanum and lutetium as models through theoretical calculations

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Inorg. Chem. Front.

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Separation of lutetium using a novel bifunctional ionic liquid based on phosphonate functionalization

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Exploring the REEs Energy Footprint: Interlocking AI/ML with an Empirical Approach for Analysis of Energy Consumption in REEs Production

Exploring the REEs Energy Footprint: Interlocking AI/ML with an Empirical Approach for Analysis of Energy Consumption in REEs Production

Deferasirox Derivatives: Ligands for the Lanthanide Series

Interaction-determined extraction capacity between rare earth ions and extractants: taking lanthanum and lutetium as models through theoretical calculations

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