Separation of isomers of nonylphenol and select nonylphenol polyethoxylates by high-performance liquid chromatography on a graphitic carbon column

Gundersen, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01235-8

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…About 15 NP-PE isomers are found in commercial NP mixtures (Gundersen, 2001). The resulting branched side chain 4-NP isomers will not undergo a complete breakdown of the alkyl side chain because ␤-oxidation will only proceed on the linear terminal part of this side chain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Metabolic Fate of the Xeno-Estrogen 4-n-Nonylphenol in Wistar Rats

Zalko¹,

Costagliola²,

Dorio³

et al. 2003

Drug Metab Dispos

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ABSTRACT:The distribution and the metabolic fate of 4-n-nonylphenol were investigated in male and female Wistar rats dosed orally with 1 g/kg ("low-dose") or 10 mg/kg ("high-dose") labeled 4-n-nonylphenol. Following a 4-day metabolic balance study, neither the distribution pattern nor the residual levels of 4-n-nonylphenol were found to be different between groups, and no unexpected tissuespecific accumulation of 4-n-nonylphenol was detected. Most of the radioactivity was eliminated in urine, and consisted of hydrophilic metabolites very likely resulting from extensive ␤-oxidation of the nonyl side chain and from the conjugation of the phenol to sulfate or to glucuronic acid. Traces of ring-hydroxylated nonylphenol were also characterized. Fecal excretion was mainly associated with unchanged 4-n-nonylphenol and with side chain hydroxylated 4-n-nonylphenol. Experiments carried out in pregnant rats exposed to a low-dose of 4-n-nonylphenol from day 3 to day 19 of gestation demonstrated similar metabolic pathways for this xeno-estrogen. Very limited amounts, if any, of non metabolized 4-n-nonylphenol did reach fetuses. The oxidative metabolism of 4-n-nonylphenol leads to the formation of both ring-hydroxylated and side chain hydroxylated metabolites. The latter metabolic pathway may be a major metabolic pathway for branched 4-nonylphenols and may be a clue to understand their biological activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Metabolic Fate of the Xeno-Estrogen 4-n-Nonylphenol in Wistar Rats

Zalko¹,

Costagliola²,

Dorio³

et al. 2003

Drug Metab Dispos

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“…7,8 Nonylphenol (NP), one of NPnEOs degradation products, is more toxic than parent compound and it has endocrine disrupting characteristics. 4,9 Herein, the use of NPnEOs has been banned and restricted in many European countries owing to estrogenic activity of their degradation products. [10][11][12] In Taiwan, the use of NPnEOs has been controlled since 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Generally, the reverse phase liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to selective detection technique is widely used to determine traces of NPnEOs. 10 The literature indicated liquid chromatography/fluorescence detector (LC/FLD) has high sensitivity and selectivity for determining the trace amounts of NPnEOs, 5,6,9 However, the compounds containing benzene rings interfere with the signal of NPnEOs when determining NPnEOs by LC/FLD. 6 Recently, separation instrument combined with mass spectrometer such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been shown to be efficient to determine trace NPnEOs and its degradation products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Recently, separation instrument combined with mass spectrometer such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been shown to be efficient to determine trace NPnEOs and its degradation products. [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The high sensitivity and selectivity of MS can improve the problems of compounds co-eluting and lack of individual standards of NPnEOs. The APCI technique of LC/MS was adopted in this study due to the lower matrix interference and more stable analyte response in the NPnEOs analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates in Industrial Water Effluents by Liquid Chromatography/Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Lee

Hsu²,

Chu³

et al. 2011

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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In this study, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the trace amounts of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEOs) in industrial water effluents. The modifier of acetic acid added in mobile phase and the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with linear ion trap mass spectrometry were adopted to improve the sensitivity of NPnEOs analysis. The modification extraction technique of NIEA W801.50B method announced by Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency was used as sample preparation. The analytical results show that the LODs of NPnEO analytes were 0.02-10 ng/mL. The proposed method has been successfully applied to monitor trace NPnEOs in real industrial water effluents.

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“…Gundersen J. L. applied a graphite carbon column for the separate determination of polyethoxylate isomers by HPLC [17]. The work [18] demonstrates the analysis of the metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in estuarine water and sediment samples using reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Homologous Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Using the Potentiometric Sensor Array

Макарова

Kulapina

2009

Electroanalysis

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The electronic tongue system based on the potentiometric sensor array for the determination of nonionic surfactants was developed. Multivariate statistical analysis techniques as partial least squares (PLS) method and backpropagation artificial neural networks (ANN) were used for data processing. The proposed system was applied for the quantitative analysis of homologous polyoxyethylated nonylphenols in complex multicomponent model mixtures and natural water samples. The least relative errors of detection were obtained for artificial neural network. Proposed approach could be applied to further analyze of sewage waters and commercial technical samples.

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Separation of isomers of nonylphenol and select nonylphenol polyethoxylates by high-performance liquid chromatography on a graphitic carbon column

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

In Vivo Metabolic Fate of the Xeno-Estrogen 4-n-Nonylphenol in Wistar Rats

In Vivo Metabolic Fate of the Xeno-Estrogen 4-n-Nonylphenol in Wistar Rats

Determination of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates in Industrial Water Effluents by Liquid Chromatography/Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Quantification of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Homologous Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Using the Potentiometric Sensor Array

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