Separation of Hydrocarbons by Means of Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Deep Eutectic Solvents

Modelling of Liquid–liquid Equilibria in Quasi-seven-component Systems with Deep Eutectic Solvents as Extraction Media

“…For describing liquid-liquid phase equilibria in quasi-three-component systems containing DES, NRTL model 16,17 and COSMO-RS model 16 have been used so far; thereby NRTL gave significantly better results.…”

“…the mass fraction of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the extract stage was set at w i E = 1 × 10 −6 . The mass fraction of the raffinate phase, Ψ R , was calculated according to: (17) where i denotes the component, and the superscripts F, E, R denote the total mixture, the extract phase and the refractive phase, respectively. For each hydrocarbon, a distinct value of Ψ R was obtained; the appropriate value for the whole system was calculated as the average of the three specific individual values.…”

“…[9][10][11] Because of the toxicity of ionic liquids and their high cost, DESs are being investigated more recently in the processes of extractive desulphurization, 12-14 denitrification 15,16 and dearomatization. 17 In all the mentioned cases, model fuels, i.e. mixtures of one hydrocarbon and one characteristic sulphur or nitrogen compound, were investigated, and the observed extraction equilibrium was described by NRTL model 16,17 with a slightly larger success or with COSMO-RS model, 16 somewhat less successfully.…”

“…17 In all the mentioned cases, model fuels, i.e. mixtures of one hydrocarbon and one characteristic sulphur or nitrogen compound, were investigated, and the observed extraction equilibrium was described by NRTL model 16,17 with a slightly larger success or with COSMO-RS model, 16 somewhat less successfully.…”

Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Betaine and Propylene Glycol as Potential Denitrification Agents: A Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Study

“…Real hydrocarbon fuels originating both from nonrenewable and renewable sources are complex mixtures and it is therefore often simpler and easier to observe trends by studying model fuels. Thus desulfurization (Li et al, 2013;Li et al, 2016;Gano et al, 2015), denitrification (Ali et al, 2016;Hizaddin et al, 2016) and dearomatization processes (Sander et al, 2016) were investigated using DESs and model fuels. An even simpler approach is possible by the experimental study of ternary liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) in the systems based on DES as a quasi-component.…”