Separation of cobalt and nickel by solvent extraction with two mutually immiscible ionic liquids

Wellens, Sil; Thijs, Ben; Möller, Claudia; Binnemans, Koen

doi:10.1039/c3cp50819f

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Recently, a mixture of the two mutually immiscible ionic liquids 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) was used for the separation of metal ions 7d. e Ternary phase diagrams with a triphasic region between water, an organic solvent, and an ionic liquid have been described in the literature, but ternary phase diagrams consisting of water and two water‐immiscible ionic liquids have not been reported yet 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Single‐Step Separation of a Mixture of Three Metal Ions by a Triphasic Ionic‐Liquid–Water–Ionic‐Liquid Solvent Extraction System

Hoogerstraete

Blockx

Coster

et al. 2015

Chemistry A European J

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In a conventional solvent extraction system, metal ions are distributed between two immiscible phases, typically an aqueous and an organic phase. In this paper, the proof-of-principle is given for the distribution of metal ions between three immiscible phases, two ionic liquid phases with an aqueous phase in between them. Three-liquid-phase solvent extraction allows separation of a mixture of three metal ions in a single step, whereas at least two steps are required to separate three metals in the case of two-liquid-phase solvent extraction. In the triphasic system, the lower organic phase is comprised of the ionic liquid betainium- or choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, whereas the upper organic phase is comprised of the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The triphasic system was used for the separation of a mixture of tin(II), yttrium(III), and scandium(III) ions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Single‐Step Separation of a Mixture of Three Metal Ions by a Triphasic Ionic‐Liquid–Water–Ionic‐Liquid Solvent Extraction System

Hoogerstraete

Blockx

Coster

et al. 2015

Chemistry A European J

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“…Examples of immiscible solvent pairs are methanol-dodecane, formamide-dodecane, acetonitriledodecane, and ethylene glycol-dodecane. The ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate form a pair of immiscible non-aqueous solvents as well [45]. Another immiscible pair of ionic liquids are betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [46].…”

Section: Non-aqueous Solvent Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Binnemans

Jones

2017

J. Sustain. Metall.

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219

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This position paper introduces the reader to the concept of solvometallurgy, the term used to describe the extraction of metals from ores, industrial process residues, production scrap, and urban waste using non-aqueous solutions. Here, non-aqueous is not used to imply anhydrous, but rather a low water content. The unit operations are as follows: solvent leaching; separation of the residue; purification of the leach solution by non-aqueous solvent extraction or non-aqueous ion exchange; and metal recovery by precipitation or electrolysis in non-aqueous electrolytes. Solvometallurgy is similar to hydrometallurgy in that both the branches of extractive metallurgy use lowtemperature processes, but with solvometallurgy, there is no discrete water phase. Both branches use organic or inorganic solvents (excluding water in the case of solvometallurgy). However, for solvometallurgical processes to be sustainable, they must be based on green solvents, which means that all toxic or environmentally harmful solvents must be avoided. Solvometallurgy is complementary to pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, but this new approach offers several advantages. First, the consumption of water is very limited, and so the generation of wastewater can be avoided. Second, the leaching and solvent extraction can be combined to form a single step, resulting in more simplified process flow sheets. Third, solvent leaching is often more selective than leaching with acidic aqueous solutions, leading to reduced acid consumption and fewer purification steps. Fourth, solvometallurgy is useful for the treatment of ores rich in soluble silica (e.g., eudialyte) because no silica gel is formed. In short, solvometallurgy is in a position to help develop the near-zero-waste metallurgical processes, and with levels of energy consumption that are much lower than those with the high-temperature processes. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of this emerging branch of extractive metallurgy is still low (TRL = 3-4), which is a disadvantage for short-term implementation, but offers a great opportunity for further research, development, and innovation.

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“…Another elegant idea, although may be relatively costly, is the replacement of water by a second IL. Successful extraction of Co(II) from biphasic systems composed of two "immiscible" ILs have already been performed [92]. Another wide field that remains to be explored for metal extraction is that of thermomorphic systems between one IL and one organic solvent (no water).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Metals with ABS

Billard

2016

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

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Extraction of metallic ions by use of mixtures of water and ILs, possibly completed by mineral acids, salts and/or extracting agents, and leading to ionic-liquid-aqueous biphasic systems (IL-ABS), are critically reviewed. In this chapter, the extraction performance induced by temperature or concentration stimulus is considered. First, the IL-ABS basic physico-chemical properties are recalled, highlighting those of interest to metal extraction. Then, the main results are presented and discussed for systems ordered and categorized by IL types. Various extensions of the notion of IL-ABS are given and briefly discussed as an advocacy in favor of a continuous line between "real" ABS comprising ILs and other liquid-liquid extraction systems including one IL.

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Separation of cobalt and nickel by solvent extraction with two mutually immiscible ionic liquids

Cited by 61 publications

References 35 publications

Selective Single‐Step Separation of a Mixture of Three Metal Ions by a Triphasic Ionic‐Liquid–Water–Ionic‐Liquid Solvent Extraction System

Selective Single‐Step Separation of a Mixture of Three Metal Ions by a Triphasic Ionic‐Liquid–Water–Ionic‐Liquid Solvent Extraction System

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Extraction of Metals with ABS

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