Separation-Individuation Issues and Castration Anxiety: Their Curious Influence on the Epigenesis of Myopia

Seitler, Burton Norman

doi:10.1057/ajp.2009.14

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…On the contrary, Berg et al found no specific myopic personality [26]. Aspects of psychoanalysis in myopic patients published by Seitler underlined issues with separation fears and castration anxiety [27]. Regarding this and our findings, each improvement of myopic child psyche is essential.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Pharmacological Myopia Control Influence on Quality of Life and Psyche among Adolescents

Michalski

Rogaczewska

Maleszka-Kurpiel

et al. 2020

JCM

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Myopia is a global problem affecting all aspects of patients’ lives. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of low dose atropine (LDA) myopia control on the quality of life in patients with myopia. Material and Methods: A self-constructed questionnaire, including eight questions, was distributed among 40 patients. The questionnaire was divided into two subsections: (1) influence of LDA on visual functions and (2) influence of LDA on self-esteem. Answers were collected separately for boys (18 patients) and girls (22 patients) and compared considering spherical equivalent (SE) and myopia progression rate. Results: Girls reported more issues with near activities and pupil size. Boys and girls complained similarly, regarding the sun glare. We found a high level of certainty about the efficacy of LDA therapy among both examined groups and a little improvement in self-esteem. Girls recommended LDA therapy more often than boys, especially when the progression rate was low. There was no statistically significant difference in answer scores between groups with different myopia progression rates for boys. Girls with lower progression rates reported more issues with near work and sun glare and less trust in LDA therapy’s effectiveness than girls with a higher progression rate. There was no statistically significant correlation between SE and the total answer score for both genders. Conclusions: Findings concerning childrens’ and adolescents’ psyche are a new aspect of myopia control. We prove that patients during pharmacological myopia control did not report significant problems caused by LDA therapy and they were convinced about its efficacy, had greater self-esteem, and recommended it to peers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Pharmacological Myopia Control Influence on Quality of Life and Psyche among Adolescents

Michalski

Rogaczewska

Maleszka-Kurpiel

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Regarding how psychological factors are related to refractive errors, Seitler hypothesized that myopia is a result of a defense mechanism to tension that makes extraocular muscles tighten the eyeball, which directly causes refractive errors [28]. Furthermore, tension causes a break in the separation-individuation process in which myopic patients undergo separation anxiety that results with their sense of inability to cope with the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, tension causes a break in the separation-individuation process in which myopic patients undergo separation anxiety that results with their sense of inability to cope with the world. Interestingly, the author noted that patients with myopia exhibit significantly higher levels of castration anxiety as compared with normal-sighted individuals [28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differences in level of trait anxiety among girls and boys aged 13–17 years with myopia and emmetropia

et al. 2016

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BackgroundA significant increase in myopia among children and teenagers can be observed all over the world. Yet at the same time, there is still an insignificant number of studies concerning this health problem.The aim of this study was to assess the level of trait anxiety among myopic group of teenagers in comparison to teenagers with emmetropia, and to confirm whether the level of trait anxiety relates to age and gender.MethodsTwo hundred thirty-nine students aged 13–17 years were included in the study. The study group comprised 114 persons with myopia (81 girls and 33 boys), while the control group comprised 125 persons without refractive error (79 girls and 46 boys). Volunteers completed a set of questionnaires including: personal data, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) (13–14 year-olds), or State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (15–17 year-olds). The trait anxiety subscales were thus analyzed.ResultsAmong younger adolescents (13–14 years of age) with myopia there was a significantly higher incidence of pathological intensification of anxiety as a constant trait. After taking into account the distribution of gender, there was a higher level of trait anxiety in the group of boys with myopia than in the control group aged 13–17 years and 13–14 years. There was also a higher level of trait anxiety detected in males than in females.ConclusionsMyopia may affect the level of trait anxiety among 13–14-year-olds. In both age groups of girls, a higher percentage of patients with high level of anxiety was discovered (≥7 sten), as compared to their peers without vision defects. Our results can contribute to a more accurate analysis of young teenagers’ psychological problems, especially among boys diagnosed with myopia.

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“…Although the incidences of both myopia and psychological illness have increased among adolescents in recent years, few studies are available on the relationship between them (Łazarczyk et al, 2016; Seitler, 2009; Ayaki et al, 2016). A review of the existing literature indicates that the current study is the first to our knowledge to examine the associations between adolescent anxiety and myopia and between adolescent depression and myopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seitler hypothesized that myopia is the result of a defense mechanism against tension that makes the extraocular muscles around the eyeball tighten, which directly causes refractive errors. Furthermore, tension causes discontinuity in the separation‐individuation process and myopic patients undergo separation anxiety that results in a sense of inability to cope with the world (Seitler, 2009). It is also thought that myopic students wearing glasses felt victimized due to overt bullying at school.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the psychological health of first‐year high school students with myopia in Guangzhou

Yang

He³

et al. 2020

Brain and Behavior

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Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in anxiety and depression between adolescents with myopia and those with normal vision and to examine the relationship between the level of anxiety and depression and the degree of myopia. Methods:A total of 1,103 first-year high school students aged 14-17 years were included in the study. The study group comprised 916 persons with myopia, while the control group comprised 187 persons without refractive error. Volunteers underwent routine eye examinations and completed a set of questionnaires about anxiety and depression. Then, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores were compared between groups, and the relationships between anxiety and the degree of myopia and between depression and the degree of myopia were analyzed. Results:There was a significant difference in anxiety rate between the students with normal vision and those with myopia. The SAS scores among students with mild, moderate, and severe myopia were also significantly different. However, compared with the students with normal vision, the rate of depression was not significantly increased in the students with myopia, except in cases of severe myopia. Additionally, the SAS scores correlated closely with the diopters of the participants' glasses (r = 0.43, p = .045), while the relationship between SDS scores and the diopters of glasses was not significant (r = 0.19, p = .325). Conclusion:There was a correlation between myopia and mental health in adolescent students, especially in terms of anxiety. K E Y W O R D Sadolescent, anxiety, depression, myopia

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Separation-Individuation Issues and Castration Anxiety: Their Curious Influence on the Epigenesis of Myopia

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Pharmacological Myopia Control Influence on Quality of Life and Psyche among Adolescents

Pharmacological Myopia Control Influence on Quality of Life and Psyche among Adolescents

The differences in level of trait anxiety among girls and boys aged 13–17 years with myopia and emmetropia

Investigation of the psychological health of first‐year high school students with myopia in Guangzhou

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