Separation, detection and occurrence of (C2?C8)-alkyl- and phenyl-alkyl nitrates as trace compounds in clean and polluted air

Luxenhofer, Oliver; Schneider, E.; Ballschmiter, Karlheinz

doi:10.1007/bf00325611

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Peak C is identified as the (1,2)-IN using the dipole moment calculations and the GC-MS analysis of the purified IN. Specifically, the (2,1)-and the (1,4)-IN can have an α-cleavage that would produce a 76 m/z fragment ( + CH 2 -ONO 2 ), which is typical for primary nitrates (Luxenhofer et al, 1994;Schneider et al, 1998;Fischer et al, 2000). In contrast, the (1,2)-IN cannot produce that fragment, and the GC/MS spectrum for that peak did not yield a fragment at m/z=76.…”

Section: Isoprene Nitrate Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoprene nitrates: preparation, separation, identification, yields, and atmospheric chemistry

et al. 2010

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Abstract.Isoprene is an important atmospheric volatile organic compound involved in ozone production and NO x (NO+NO 2 ) sequestration and transport. Isoprene reaction with OH in the presence of NO can form either isoprene hydroxy nitrates ("isoprene nitrates") or convert NO to NO 2 which can photolyze to form ozone. While it has been shown that isoprene nitrate production can represent an important sink for NO x in forest impacted environments, there is little experimental knowledge of the relative importance of the individual isoprene nitrate isomers, each of which has a different fate and reactivity. In this work, we have identified the 8 individual isomers and determined their total and individual production yields. The overall yield of isoprene nitrates at atmospheric pressure and 295 K was found to be 0.070(+0.025/−0.015). Three isomers, representing nitrates resulting from OH addition to a terminal carbon, represent 90% of the total IN yield. We also determined the ozone rate constants for three of the isomers, and have calculated their atmospheric lifetimes, which range from ∼1-2 h, making their oxidation products likely more important as atmospheric organic nitrates and sinks for nitrogen.

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Section: Isoprene Nitrate Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoprene nitrates: preparation, separation, identification, yields, and atmospheric chemistry

et al. 2010

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“…The halogenated anisoles elute in the second fraction (pentane-CH2C12, 4:1; 35 mL or, as an alternative, pentane-diethyl ether, 3:1; 36 mL; eluate Sometimes the more polar dimethoxybenzenes, which normally elute in eluate LC2, can be found in this third fraction. In air samples originating from urban regions, long-chain alkyl nitrates, a group of compounds known to contribute significantly to the nitrogen oxides in air, are present at much higher concentrations than are the halogenated anisoles [34,35]. As the alkyl nitrates are also eluted in the second eluate (LC2) further separation by HPLC on a special graphitized carbon is necessary to avoid interferences in subsequent capillary gas chromatography [7].…”

Section: Sample Clean-up and Group Pre-separation By Nplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of halogenated methoxybenzenes and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the picogram m−3 range in marine air

et al. 1997

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SummaryHalogenated methoxybenzenes (halogenated anisoles) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) have been analyzed in marine air samples from the lower troposphere of the East Atlantic Ocean, taken on the German research vessel "Polarstern' during two cruises in 1993 and 1994, and in air samples from the North Pacific Ocean (1995). The high-volume sampling method, sample preparation and analysis by HRGC-ECD and HRGC-MSD-SIM are described. The effectiveness of a new graphitized-carboncovered silica sorbent (ANGI-Sorb B) for the sampling of semi-volatiles is demonstrated. Eight congeners of the halogenated anisoles and HCB were detected in almost all marine air samples. The concentrations of the chloroanisoles, which show a distinct north-south interhemispherical gradient, were between 0.2 and 145 pg m-3; for the bromoanisoles concentrations were between 0.2 and 42 pg m -3. Only a weak inter-hemispheric gradient was observed for HCB at levels of 10--40 pg m -3. Levels of HCB were approximately 100 pg m -3 in continentally influenced air. Biogenic and indirect anthropogenic sources of the halogenated anisoles are discussed.

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“…Alkyl mono-and di-nitrates were prepared by a micro scale esterification of mono-and di-alcohols, respectively, with mixed acid [9]. Keto-nitrates were synthesized by a reaction first described by McKillop [13].…”

Section: Preparation Of Reference Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the same technique as for the preparation of the test analytes by nitrating an industrially produced polyol phase (Serva, Polyol Si 100, 5 pm) with a 1:lmixture of nitric acid (65 %) and sulphuric acid (98 %) [9]. In order not to destroy the structure of the phase material the polyol phase was placed in a 100 mL flask which was not stirred but slowly turned by a rotary evaporator.…”

Section: Preparation Of a New Np-lc Phase (Organonitrate Phase)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Group separation of organic nitrates on a new nitric acid ester NP-LC stationary phase

et al. 1998

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SummaryThe synthesis of a nitric acid ester NP-LC stationary phase (organonitrate phase), by nitrating a commercial polyol phase (Serva, Polyol Si 100, 5 lam) with mixed sulfuric-and nitric acid, is reported. The nitric acid ester bond is quite stable towards hydrolysis. To examine its possible use as a stationary phase for the group separation of alkyl nitrates, several bifunctional polar alkyl nitrates (di-nitrates, hydroxy-nitrates, keto-nitrates) have been synthesized. In order to simplify their names a new abbreviating nomenclature for multifunctional organic nitrates is presented. With our new stationary phase it is possible to separate mono-, di-, and hydroxy-nitrates as groups completely, a major advantage in sample preparation in the chemistry of smog formation. However a co-elution of di-and keto-nitrates is observed. A distinction of the latter two organonitrate groups is possible by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection (MSD). Apart from the fragment ion NO2 § (m/z = 46 amu), which is nearly specific for alkyl nitrates, aliphatic di-and keto-nitrates show different characteristic fragment ions.

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Separation, detection and occurrence of (C2?C8)-alkyl- and phenyl-alkyl nitrates as trace compounds in clean and polluted air

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Isoprene nitrates: preparation, separation, identification, yields, and atmospheric chemistry

Isoprene nitrates: preparation, separation, identification, yields, and atmospheric chemistry

Analysis of halogenated methoxybenzenes and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the picogram m−3 range in marine air

Group separation of organic nitrates on a new nitric acid ester NP-LC stationary phase

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