Separation, antitumor activities, and encapsulation of polypeptide from Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Abstract

Chlorella pyrenoidosa is a unicellular green algae and has been a popular foodstuff worldwide. However, no reports on the antitumor peptides from such a microalgae are available in the literature. In this study, using low-temperature high-pressure extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography, we separated a polypeptide that exhibited inhibitory activity on human liver cancer HepG2 cells, and named the polypeptide CPAP (C. pyrenoidosa antitumor polypeptide). Furthermore, the micro- and nanoencapsulation of CPAP were investigated by using two methods: complex coacervation and ionotropic gelation. The in vitro release tests revealed that CPAP was well preserved against gastric enzymatic degradation after micro/nanoencapsulation and the slowly controlled release in the intestine could be potentially achieved. These results suggest that CPAP may be a useful ingredient in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications.

Separation and nanoencapsulation of antitumor peptides from Chinese three-striped box turtle (Cuora trifasciata)

“…That is to say, the theoretical concentrations of T1 and T2-1 in 500 lg/mL of T1-CS-TPP and T2-1-CS-TPP were about 76.1 and 106.95 lg/mL, respectively, at this concentration, the inhibition percentages of T1 on HepG-2 and T2-1 on MCF-7 were 50.23% and 46.82%, respectively. In fact, based on the results given in Table 1, the inhibition rate of T1 on HepG-2 was 50% at 77.29 lg/mL, and the inhibition rate of T2-1 on MCF-7 was 49.32% at 100 lg/mL, meaning that the antitumor activities of nanoparticles T1-CS-TPP and T2-1-CS-TPP were not lost after nanoencapsulation in terms of the actual peptide contents, consistent with previous reports (Wang and Zhang, 2013;Zhang and Zhang, 2013).…”

“…One possible approach is the encapsulation of bioactive peptides, which can be protected against degradation in stomach and pass through the intestinal barrier to enter the blood stream for absorption (Kaya-Celiker and Mallikarjunan, 2012). Due to the presence of low toxicity, low cost and biodegradability, chitosan is frequently used as encapsulating materials of bioactive peptides, for example, microencaosulation and nanoencapsulation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa antitumor polypeptide CPAP (Wang and Zhang, 2013), nanoencapsulation of Spirulina platensis antitumor polypeptide Y2 , preparation of chitosan nanoparticels for antimicrobial peptide temporin B (Piras et al, 2015). In the present study, we conducted chitosan encapsulation of two fractions with good antitumor activity: one hydrolysate T1 and one single peptide T2-1.…”

“…Three repeats were done for each test. The simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and simulated intestinal juice (SIJ) were prepared as described by Wang and Zhang (2013). Free-dried T1-CS-TPP nanoparticles (200 mg) were introduced into a flask containing 100 mL of SGJ or SIJ, incubated for 8 h at 37 C with constant agitation at 90 rpm.…”

“…The simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and the simulated intestinal juice (SIJ) were prepared as described by Wang and Zhang (2013). Briefly, for SGJ, 234 mL of hydrochloric acid (36-37%, 1.19 g/mL) were diluted with 1000 mL of water, 16.4 mL of the diluted solutions were mixed with 10 g of pepsin, adding water to a final volume of 1000 mL (pH 1.37); for SIJ, KH 2 PO 4 (6.8 g) in 300 mL of distilled water and trypsin (10 g) in 300 mL of distilled water were mixed, adjusting the pH to 6.8 with NaOH (0.1 mol/L), and adding water to a final volume of 1000 mL.…”

Effects of a Protein-Enriched Crude Lysate from Chlorellasp. Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury

“…It has been reported to have certain beneficial physiological effects by Chlorella sp. supplementation, such as antihypertensive [6], antioxidative [7], hypocholesterolemic [8] and antitumor activities [9] in animal and human studies. However, the hepatoprotective activity of extract derived from Chlorella sp.…”