Separation and recovery of scandium and titanium from red mud leaching liquor through a neutralization precipitation-acid leaching approach

Lei, Qingyuan; He, Dannong; Zhou, Kanggen; Zhang, Xuekai; Peng, Changhong; Chen, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.jre.2020.07.030

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Metal etching, pickling, and stripling processes generate a lot of waste solutions containing inorganic acids [1][2][3][4][5], whereas organic acid-containing waste solutions are created by fermentation, food, leather, and pharmaceutical corporations [1,2,[6][7][8]. Different processes, such as neutralization [9][10][11], coagulation and flocculation [12], extraction [13], and the ion exchange process [14][15][16][17][18][19], can be used to recover the acids. In the chemical and biochemical sectors, ion exchange membranes (IEMs) play an integral role [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Porous BPPO-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis

et al. 2022

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Diffusion dialysis (DD) is an anion exchange membrane-based functional separation process used for acid recovery. TMA (trimethylamine) and BPPO (brominated poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) were utilized in this manuscript to formulate AEMs (anion exchange membranes) for DD (diffusion dialysis) using the phase-inversion technique. FTIR (Fourier transfer infrared) analysis, proton NMR spectroscopy, morphology, IEC (ion exchange capacity), LER (linear expansion ratio), CR (fixed group concentration), WR (water uptake/adsorption), water contact angle, chemical, and thermal stability, were all used to evaluate the prepared membranes. The effect of TMA content within the membrane matrix on acid recovery was also briefly discussed. It was reported that porous AEMs have a WR of 149.6% to 233.8%, IEC (ion exchange capacity) of 0.71 to 1.43 mmol/g, CR (fixed group concentration) that ranged from 0.0046 mol/L to 0.0056 mol/L, LER of 3.88% to 9.23%, and a water contact angle of 33.10° to 78.58°. The UH (acid dialysis coefficients) for designed porous membranes were found to be 0.0043 to 0.012 m/h, with separation factors (S) ranging from 13.14 to 32.87 at the temperature of 25 °C. These observations are comparable to those found in the DF-120B commercial membrane with UH of 0.004 m/h and S of 24.3 m/h at the same temperature (25 °C). This porous membranes proposed in this paper are excellent choices for acid recovery through the diffusion dialysis process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Porous BPPO-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis

et al. 2022

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“…When the pH is reduced from 3.5 to 2, the Sc extraction after 90 min of leaching at T = 70 °C increases from 10% to 68.5%, and the iron extraction increases from 1.3% to nearly 5%. Lei et al [ 155 ] devised a way to extract scandium and titanium from red mud leachate solution using a neutralization precipitation and acid leaching methodology as shown in Figure 21 . They found that the precipitation efficiencies of scandium and titanium were 93.74% and 99.47%, respectively, under optimal conditions.…”

Section: Recovery Of Scandium From the Bauxite Waste (Red Mud)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes

et al. 2022

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The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. Acidic and neutral organophosphorus (OPCs) extractants are the most extensively used in industrial activities, considering that they provide the highest extraction efficiency of any of the valuable components. Due to the chemical and physical similarities of the rare earth metals, the separation and purification processes of Sc are difficult tasks. Sc has also been extracted from acidic solutions using carboxylic acids, amines, and acidic β-diketone, among other solvents and chemicals. For improving the extraction efficiencies, the development of mixed extractants or synergistic systems for the SX of Sc has been carried out in recent years. Different operational parameters play an important role in the extraction process, such as the type of the aqueous phase and its acidity, the aqueous (A) to organic (O) and solid (S) to liquid (L) phase ratios, as well as the type of the diluents. Sc recovery is now implemented in industrial production using a combination of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques, such as ore pre-treatment, leaching, SX, precipitation, and calcination. The hydrometallurgical methods (acid leaching and SX) were effective for Sc recovery. Furthermore, the OPCs bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA/P204) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) showed interesting potential taking into consideration some co-extracted metals such as Fe(III) and Ti(IV).

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“…Commonly reported ways to extract scandium from the BR leachates include solvent extraction using such extractants as P204 (bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid), P507 (2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester), P350 (di-(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate) and TBP (tri-n-butylphosphate), ion exchange resins and adsorption materials [28,29]. An important challenge raising at the extraction step is generation of dilute leachates with low concentration of scandium ions [30,31], which is known to be problematic for subsequent liquid-liquid extraction process.…”

Section: Bauxite Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important challenge raising at the extraction step is generation of dilute leachates with low concentration of scandium ions [30,31], which is known to be problematic for subsequent liquid-liquid extraction process. In order to address this issue, several methods were developed at laboratory scale, including extraction with ionic liquids [31] or supported ionic liquid phase [30], solid-liquid extraction with mesoporous silica [32], and precipitation-leaching [28]. In addition, the pre-concentration or purification of the leachate though major impurity removal with resins (adsorption and ion exchange) has been reported by Zhang et al and Zhou et al [33,34].…”

Section: Bauxite Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Scandium Recovery from Wastes

Chernoburova

Chagnes²

2021

International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy

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With growing demand for renewable and clean energy technologies, the need in rare earth metals is increasing. Scandium, which is often considered a rare earth element (REE), is a critical metal mainly used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and high strength aluminum alloys used in aerospace and 3D printing applications. Furthermore, scandium supply is limited due to its scarcity and the high cost of its production in Asia and Russia while Europe has no production of scandium. Therefore, scandium extraction from alternative resources such as secondary resources located in Europe is of great concern. Within this context, this work provides a condensed state-of-art review of the issue of scandium recovery from industrial wastes. Priority was given to addressing the technological and economic challenges associated with the recovery of scandium from the said residues, with particular emphasis on the bauxite residue from alumina production, which represents nearly 5 million tons on dry basis per year in Europe.

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Separation and recovery of scandium and titanium from red mud leaching liquor through a neutralization precipitation-acid leaching approach

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Synthesis of Porous BPPO-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis

Synthesis of Porous BPPO-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis

Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes

The Future of Scandium Recovery from Wastes

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