Separation and recovery of glass, plastic and indium from spent LCD panels

Ferella, Francesco; Belardi, Girolamo; Marsilii, Antonella; Michelis, Ida De; Vegliò, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.030

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Al and Si were determined as are the most concentrated elements that can affect the final grade of the REs precipitate. The extraction yield was calculated, as indicated in [33].…”

Section: Leaching Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Spent FCC E-Cat: Towards a Circular Approach in the Oil Refining Industry

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Every year the oil refining industry consumes thousand tons of fluid catalytic cracking zeolite from the E-cat generated in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. In the present paper, a new process for recycling of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCCCs) is presented. The process, previously tested at laboratory scale, was simulated by SuperPro Designer catalysts (FCCCs, also known as equilibrium catalysts, E-cat), which are mainly landfilled. Their intrinsic value is quite low and the content of rare earth elements (REEs), as lanthanum and cerium oxides, is around 3%wt. Moreover, their reuse in other industrial processes as raw material is very scarce. For each metric ton of spent FCCC treated for recovery of REEs, nearly the same amount of waste is generated from the process, the majority of which is represented by the solid residue resulting from the leaching stage. The manuscript presents a technological study and an economic analysis for the recovery of REEs, as well as the production of synthetic © software package. The plant was designed for a capacity of 4000 metric tons per year. The discounted cash flow (DCF) method was applied and Net Present Value (NPV) equal to about two-million € and Discounted Payback Time (DPBT) equal to two years defined the profitability of the process for recycling of FCCCs. This result depends on the selling price of zeolite. Consequently, a break-even point (BEP) analysis was conducted on this critical variable and the condition of economic feasibility was verified with a price of 1070 €/ton. This study tried to implement recycling strategies towards circular economy models.

show abstract

“…Al and Si were determined as are the most concentrated elements that can affect the final grade of the REs precipitate. The extraction yield was calculated, as indicated in [33].…”

Section: Leaching Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Spent FCC E-Cat: Towards a Circular Approach in the Oil Refining Industry

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…193 Após a separação das lâminas de uma tela de LCD (Figura 8), a lâmina contendo ITO pode ser triturada ou não antes do processamento químico. 190,[194][195][196] Um método de lixiviação sem trituramento se baseia na lixiviação com HCl sob aplicação de ondas ultrassônicas Os resultados demonstraram que o índio pode ser lixiviado eficientemente mesmo sob baixa concentração de ácido clorídrico (0,8 mol L -1 ) (> 95 % em 1 h) sob ondas ultrassônicas de 300 W. 190 Em outra proposta, a lâmina foi pulverizada através de um tratamento mecânico, e o material obtido foi lixiviado com uma mistura HCl:HNO3 sob ondas ultrassônicas, 195 com as misturas H2SO4 + H2O2, 191,196 HNO3 + HCl, 187 ou H2SO4 + HCl. 197 A aplicação de ultrassom apresenta diversas vantagens em relação ao processo de lixiviação tradicional, como cinética rápida e controlável, alto rendimento de extração de índio e estanho, possibilidade de recuperação seletiva desses dois metais e possibilidade de reciclar o vidro puro separadamente, evitando processos de separação adicionais.…”

Section: Telas De Lcdunclassified

“…194 A troca iônica é outro método conveniente para isolar o índio, por meio de resinas meso e macroporosas do tipo poli(estireno-divinilvenzeno). 195,196 A dessorção com ácido forte (H2SO4, HCl) permite obter uma solução do elemento muito mais concentrada.…”

Section: Telas De Lcdunclassified

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: The Anthropocene Knocks on Our Door

Afonso

2018

Rev. Virtual Quim.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review describes the technological, environmental, socio-cultural, economical and health challenges due to the waste electrical and electronic equipment. The rate of production of this waste has reached scary levels in the last years, and the level of perception of the populations facing the challenges imposed for their management greatly varies from one country to another. Solutions for waste electrical and electronic equipment are extremely complex, from the establishment of an effective reverse logistics of used products and reverse manufacturing protocols, to the proposal of technologies capable of processing the components of the various electrical and electronic products. Printed circuit boards, cathode ray tubes and liquid crystal displays are the most difficult components to recycle due to their multi-component nature: although they contain high-added value elements in much larger amounts than those of primary sources, they also present metallic components and organic compounds that are highly toxic to health and lead to environmental impacts. Brazil has begun to pay attention to the problem of e-waste relatively recently. Despite ongoing initiatives, the country still has a long way to go until the establishment of a management system that covers all its stages and peculiarities, such as its territorial extension. Waste electrical and electronic equipment is one of the most eloquent symbols of Anthropocene.

show abstract

“…combined with short lifespans, between three and eight years [6,7]. Currently, this end-of-life equipment is dismantled to separate possible hazardous components, (e.g., brominated flame retardants and backlight fluorescent lamp systems that contain mercury), which varies on the basis of the specific brand and generation [8][9][10][11]. Thereafter, the remaining panel is disposed of as nonhazardous waste [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-of-Life Liquid Crystal Display Recovery: Toward a Zero-Waste Approach

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

End-of-life liquid crystal displays (LCD) represent a possible source of secondary raw materials, mainly glass and an optoelectronic film composed of indium (90%) and tin (10%) oxides. A strong interest for indium, classified as critical raw material, pushed research towards the development of high-efficiency recycling processes. Nevertheless, a deepened study of the technological innovation highlighted that only a small number of treatments included use of whole waste. Furthermore, these processes often need high temperatures, long times, and raw materials that have a significant environmental impact. In this context, this article shows an approach developed in accordance with the “zero waste” principles for whole, end-of-life LCD panel recycling. This process includes preliminary grinding, followed by cross-current acid leaching and indium recovery by zinc cementation, with efficiencies greater than 90%. A recirculation system further increases sustainability of the process. To enhance all waste fractions, glass cullets from leaching are used for concrete production, avoiding their disposal in landfill sites. Considering the achieved efficiencies, combined the simple design suitable for real-scale application (as confirmed by the related patent pending), this process represents an excellent example of implementing circular economy pillars.

show abstract

Separation and recovery of glass, plastic and indium from spent LCD panels

Cited by 56 publications

References 36 publications

Spent FCC E-Cat: Towards a Circular Approach in the Oil Refining Industry

Spent FCC E-Cat: Towards a Circular Approach in the Oil Refining Industry

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: The Anthropocene Knocks on Our Door

End-of-Life Liquid Crystal Display Recovery: Toward a Zero-Waste Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About