Separation and identification of the constituents of hashish (cannabis indica linn.) by thin-layer chromatography and its application in forensic analysis

Tewari, Swarup Narain; Harpalani, Satya; Sharma, Shalini

doi:10.1007/bf01221877

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Older methods use plates spread with a layer of a slurry of alumina/CaSO 4 /H 2 O (22.0 g:3.0 g:50 mL), activated at 110 °C for 30 min and stored under anhydrous CaCl 2 [ 131 ], silica gel G plates [ 129 ], precoated silica gel G plates [ 171 ] and silica gel G layers impregnated with dimethylformamide [ 120 ]. Reverse phase (RP)-TLC is performed using RP-18 HPTLC plates [ 129 ] and RP-C 18 bonded silica gel F plates [ 18 ].…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Phytocannabinoid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most suitable mobile phases include xylene/hexane/diethylamine (25:10:1, v/v/v ) [ 127 ], CHCl 3 , with plate prewashing with MeOH [ 110 ], hexane/diethyl ether (80:20, v/v ), which allowed clear separation between Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD and CBN [ 125 ], cyclohexane/toluene/diethylether (75:15:10, v/v/v ) [ 126 ], benzene/ n- hexane/diethylamine (25:10:1, v/v/v ) [ 130 ], benzene/chloroform (50:50, v/v ) [ 131 ], diethylether/petroleum ether (1:4, v/v ) [ 120 ], benzene/ n- hexane/diethtylamine (25:5:0.5, v/v/v ) [ 147 ], n-hexane/CHCl 3 /dioxane (89:8.75:2.25, v/v/v ) [ 135 ], benzene, benzene/ n- hexane (6:4, v/v ), benzene/n-hexane/diethylamine (70:25:5, v/v/v) [ 129 ], MeOH/dioxane/hexane (1:2:7, v/v/v ), hexane/EtAc (4:1, v/v ), hexane/diethylether (4:1, v/v ) [ 171 ], hexane/ethyl ether (8:2, v/v ) [ 172 ], petroleum ether/deithylether (8:2, v/v ), cyclohexane/diisopropyl ether/deithylamine (52:40:8, v/v/v ) or n-hexane/dioxane/MeOH (7:2:1, v/v/v) [ 5 ]. For 2D TLC, first n- heptane/dichloromethane/butan-2-one (83:5:12, v/v/v ) was used for first and n-hexane/acetone (86:14, v/v ) for second development after 90° rotation [ 129 ].…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Phytocannabinoid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visualization of (HP)TLC plates is usually performed using 0.1% aqueous solution of Fast Blue B salt reagent [ 110 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 130 , 147 ], alone, under white light (254 nm and 366 nm) [ 127 ], under UV (254 nm) [ 131 ], as solution in 0.1M NaOH [ 5 ] or under UV (206 nm) [ 110 ] or as 0.5% aqueous solution, followed by 0.1M NaOH [ 23 , 125 , 173 ]. Prior to Fast Blue B, diethylamine can be applied (50 mg·L −1 H 2 O + 20 mL MeOH) [ 5 ].…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Phytocannabinoid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Techniques for Phytocannabinoid Profiling of Cannabis and Cannabis-Based Products—A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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Cannabis is gaining increasing attention due to the high pharmacological potential and updated legislation authorizing multiple uses. The development of time- and cost-efficient analytical methods is of crucial importance for phytocannabinoid profiling. This review aims to capture the versatility of analytical methods for phytocannabinoid profiling of cannabis and cannabis-based products in the past four decades (1980–2021). The thorough overview of more than 220 scientific papers reporting different analytical techniques for phytocannabinoid profiling points out their respective advantages and drawbacks in terms of their complexity, duration, selectivity, sensitivity and robustness for their specific application, along with the most widely used sample preparation strategies. In particular, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, are presented and discussed. Acquired knowledge of phytocannabinoid profile became extremely relevant and further enhanced chemotaxonomic classification, cultivation set-ups examination, association of medical and adverse health effects with potency and/or interplay of certain phytocannabinoids and other active constituents, quality control (QC), and stability studies, as well as development and harmonization of global quality standards. Further improvement in phytocannabinoid profiling should be focused on untargeted analysis using orthogonal analytical methods, which, joined with cheminformatics approaches for compound identification and MSLs, would lead to the identification of a multitude of new phytocannabinoids.

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Section: Analytical Methods For Phytocannabinoid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Methods For Phytocannabinoid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Methods For Phytocannabinoid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analytical Techniques for Phytocannabinoid Profiling of Cannabis and Cannabis-Based Products—A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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“…Several methods have been reported in the literature for the analysis of cannabinoids in cannabis biomass, extracts, and preparations. These include high-performance thin-layer chromatography and TLC [17,18]. Different separation techniques (GC, HPLC, and UHPLC) have been mainly used in most studies in the field of cannabis analysis [19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Acid and Neutral Cannabinoids in Extracts of Different Strains of Cannabis sativa Using GC-FID

Ibrahim

Gul

et al. 2017

Planta Med

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Cannabis ( L.) is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Cannabaceae. -Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two major phytocannabinoids accounting for over 40% of the cannabis plant extracts, depending on the variety. At the University of Mississippi, different strains of with different concentration ratios of CBD and Δ-THC, have been tissue cultured via micropropagation and cultivated. A GC-FID method has been developed and validated for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of acid and neutral cannabinoids in extracts. The method involves trimethyl silyl derivatization of the extracts. These cannabinoids include tetrahydrocannabivarian, CBD, cannabichromene,-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ-THC, cannabigerol, cannabinol, cannabidiolic acid, cannabigerolic acid, and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A. The concentration-response relationship of the method indicated a linear relationship between the concentration and peak area ratio with R > 0.999 for all 10 cannabinoids. The precision and accuracy of the method were found to be ≤ 15% and ± 5%, respectively. The limit of detection range was 0.11 - 0.19 µg/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 0.34 - 0.56 µg/mL for all 10 cannabinoids. The developed method is simple, sensitive, reproducible, and suitable for the detection and quantitation of acidic and neutral cannabinoids in different extracts of cannabis varieties. The method was applied to the analysis of these cannabinoids in different parts of the micropropagated cannabis plants (buds, leaves, roots, and stems).

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Comparison of gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods for the determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in plasma

Rosenthal

Harvey

Bursey

et al. 1978

Biol. Mass Spectrom.

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A method for the identification of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol by gas chromatography mass spectrometry has been developed, and this method has been compared with other techniques, such as detection via thin-layer chromatography using tritium labeled delta9-tetrahydrocannibinol and a dual gas chromatographic method. The gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method was found to be equal or superior to other techniques and has the added advantage of being highly specific for the compound analyzed. An alternate approach using chemical ionization is also described; however, this procedure does not show significant advantages over the electron impact method. These methods show a practical lower detection limit of 500 pg ml-1 of plasma in clinical practice.

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Separation and identification of the constituents of hashish (cannabis indica linn.) by thin-layer chromatography and its application in forensic analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Analytical Techniques for Phytocannabinoid Profiling of Cannabis and Cannabis-Based Products—A Comprehensive Review

Analytical Techniques for Phytocannabinoid Profiling of Cannabis and Cannabis-Based Products—A Comprehensive Review

Determination of Acid and Neutral Cannabinoids in Extracts of Different Strains of Cannabis sativa Using GC-FID

Comparison of gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods for the determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in plasma

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