Separation and identification of microplastics from primary and secondary effluents and activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants

Alvim, C. Bretas; Bes-Piá, María Amparo; Mendoza–Roca, J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.126293

Cited by 72 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Sendo essa porcentagem importante para o processo de incineração, estabilização do lodo, aplicação no solo, produção de fertilizantes e como indicador para potenciais problemas de odor. Os nutrientes (fósforo, nitrogênio e potássio) são importantes componentes para aplicação no solo ou como fertilizantes (Jordão & Pessoa, 2014;Alvim, Bes-piá, & Mendoza-Roca, 2020;Yu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Lodounclassified

Uso de microrganismos no tratamento anaeróbio de efluentes ricos em nitrogênio e fósforo tendo em vista a economia circular

Santos

Barbosa

Porto

et al. 2021

RSD

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O aumento da população, a crescente urbanização e a industrialização influenciam diretamente na geração de efluentes domésticos e industriais contendo altas cargas de nutrientes como nitrogênio e fósforo, comprometendo o ambiente e a saúde pública. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo revisar as características, os impactos e as vantagens da utilização de microrganismos no tratamento anaeróbio de efluentes ricos em nitrogênio e fósforo, ressaltando o potencial uso de insumos do processo para a economia circular. Para isto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura utilizando palavras-chave sobre os mecanismos e pressupostos ligados ao tema. Com base nas referências encontradas, foi possível compreender as principais características dos efluentes ricos em nitrogênio e fósforo com ênfase nas etapas do tratamento anaeróbio, as vantagens e desvantagens do tratamento, os microrganismos que podem ser utilizados no processo, os diferentes tipos de reatores anaeróbios, assim como foi possível demonstrar como os subprodutos do tratamento de efluentes em condições anaeróbias podem ser inseridos no contexto da economia circular. Portanto, a digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa de baixo custo para o tratamento biológico de efluentes ricos em nitrogênio e fósforo, mostrando-se útil para a minimização de impactos negativos associados à contaminação ambiental e à exposição aos riscos de saúde pública, bem como à oportunidade de uso ou reuso de potenciais produtos provenientes do processo a exemplo dos nutrientes e biogás.

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Section: Lodounclassified

Uso de microrganismos no tratamento anaeróbio de efluentes ricos em nitrogênio e fósforo tendo em vista a economia circular

Santos

Barbosa

Porto

et al. 2021

RSD

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“…In comparison, the body of knowledge in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems is limited, although several studies addressed this issue in recent years [6,[14][15][16][17]. Among several other land-based sources of MP pollution, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have received attention as they have been identified as terrestrial pathways of MP emissions into aquatic ecosystems [4,5,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Therefore, assessment of the presence and quantification of MPs in effluent discharges and sewage sludge applied to land is a high priority, to enable the risks to be assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although higher temperatures would promote degradation of organic matter [ 66 ], recent work has argued that temperatures above 60 °C cause losses of some plastic polymers. For this reason, a maximum temperature of 50 °C represents a safe cut-off to avoid any losses [ 22 , 64 , 67 , 68 ]. Organic degradation rates using the WPO method were also greater than the H 2 O 2 treatment alone, even at 70 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have also shown that PE, polypropylene (PP), PET and PES, PVC, polystyrene (PS), PU and PA are resistant to WPO, with no change observed to MP size and spectra before and after treatment. Together these polymers account for 92% of global plastic demand [ 22 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 63 , 64 , 68 , 70 , 71 ]. It is important to perform MP recovery experiments to validate the methodology applied, although it is challenging to cover the wide range of polymers present in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimising sample preparation for FTIR-based microplastic analysis in wastewater and sludge samples: multiple digestions

et al. 2021

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The lack of standardised methodologies in microplastic research has been addressed in recent years as it hampers the comparison of results across studies. The quantification of microplastics in the environment is key to the assessment of the potential eco-toxicological impacts that this new category of emerging pollutants could have on terrestrial and aquatic species. Therefore, the need for protocols that are robust, simple and reliable together with their standardisation are of crucial importance. This study has focused on removal of organic matter with Fenton reagent from wastewater and sludge samples. This step of analysis was optimised by implementing a multi-digestion treatment on these samples that have high concentration of complex mixtures of organic matter, which interfere with microplastic enumeration. Moreover, this study targeted the detection of microplastics in the sub-hundred-micron size range due to the potential higher risks associated with smaller-sized particles and the limited data available from previous wastewater research. To show the validity of the method, triplicate samples of raw sewage, final effluent and sludge were independently spiked with two different sizes and types of microplastic polymers. Due to the various analytical stages required for the isolation of microplastics, time is a limiting factor in sample processing. The sequential digestion with Fenton reagent represents an inexpensive and time-efficient procedure for wastewater research providing effective degradation of organic material. These advantages over other currently available methods mean the method is suitable for analysis of large numbers of samples allowing robust monitoring data sets to be generated.

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“…***,[10,90,109,128] Sieving[55,[63][64][65]84,86,90,93,107,110,119] * = measured recovery rate. ** = differentiated between polymer sub-types.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Microplastic Particles vs. Engineered Plastic Microparticles—A Comparative Review

2021

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Microplastic particles (MPs) pose a novel threat to nature. Despite being first noticed in the 1970s, research on this topic has only surged in recent years. Researchers have mainly focused on environmental plastic particles; however, studies with defined microplastic particles as the sample input are scarce. Furthermore, comparison of those studies indicates a discrepancy between the particles found (e.g., in the environment) and those used for further research (e.g., exposure studies). Obviously, it is important to use particles that resemble those found in the environment to conduct appropriate research. In this review, different categories of microplastic particles are addressed, before covering an overview of the most common separation and analysis methods for environmental MPs is covered. After showing that the particles found in the environment are mostly irregular and polydisperse, while those used in studies with plastic microparticles as samples are often not, different particle production techniques are investigated and suggestions for preparing realistic plastic particles are given.

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Separation and identification of microplastics from primary and secondary effluents and activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants

Cited by 72 publications

References 48 publications

Uso de microrganismos no tratamento anaeróbio de efluentes ricos em nitrogênio e fósforo tendo em vista a economia circular

Uso de microrganismos no tratamento anaeróbio de efluentes ricos em nitrogênio e fósforo tendo em vista a economia circular

Optimising sample preparation for FTIR-based microplastic analysis in wastewater and sludge samples: multiple digestions

Environmental Microplastic Particles vs. Engineered Plastic Microparticles—A Comparative Review

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