Separation and Characterization of Surfactants by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

S, Simunić; Šoljić, Zvonimir

doi:10.1080/10826079608006308

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Quality control of raw materials and manufactured products in the detergent and cosmetic industries, and screening of products from competitors are difficult tasks owing to the complexity of the mixtures, usually containing two or more surfactant classes, and the lack of standards. Several surfactant classes have been analyzed using thin-layer chromatography [1][2][3], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [12,13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Absorbent ionic [12, 13, 20-22, 28, 30-31, 34], absorbent nonionic [13,19,[25][26][27]32], and nonabsorbent ionic surfactants [13,23,24,33]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and quantitation of mixtures of alkyl ether sulfates and carboxylic acids by capillary electrophoresis with indirect photometric detection

Bernabé-Zafón¹,

Ortega-Gadea²,

Simó‐Alfonso³

et al. 2003

Electrophoresis

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The separation, characterization, and determination of mixtures of alkyl ether sulfates (AES) and fatty acids (C10-C16) in background electrolytes (BGEs) containing acetonitrile (ACN)-water mixtures is addressed. Due to inhibition of the ionization of the carboxylate groups, the migration time and the resolution between the fatty acids decreased when the water content of the BGE was reduced, but efficiency and resolution between the AES oligomers improved. The migration times increased and resolution improved by substituting 5% ACN by an equivalent amount of dioxane. A complete separation of the two surfactant classes, up to the AES oligomers with 8 ethylene oxide units (EOs) with respect to C10, with excellent resolution between the AES oligomers, while preserving a satisfactory resolution between the fatty acids, was achieved with a BGE containing 5 mM trimethoxybenzoic acid, 7 mM dipentylamine, 85% ACN, 5% dioxane, and 10% water. The two surfactant classes were increasingly resolved by further reducing the water content of the BGE. Thus, C2 (acetate) was resolved from the AES oligomers up to 7 EOs using 90% ACN and 5% dioxane, but the resolution between the heavier fatty acids was poor with this BGE. Identification of the AES oligomers was eased by the excellent regularity of the successive migration times; thus, within each AES subclass or series of oligomers with the same number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, the migration times decreased following a mild curve as the number of EOs increased. The way how the data obtained by indirect photometry (corrected peak areas that are proportional to the molar concentrations) should be managed to avoid systematic error when the calibration curve is constructed using an AES standard with an oligomer distribution different from that of the samples is discussed and equations are given. Decyl sulfate was successfully used as internal standard. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were of ca. 2 microM for individual AES oligomers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and quantitation of mixtures of alkyl ether sulfates and carboxylic acids by capillary electrophoresis with indirect photometric detection

Bernabé-Zafón¹,

Ortega-Gadea²,

Simó‐Alfonso³

et al. 2003

Electrophoresis

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“…Their chemical structures consist of a variety of polar functional groups and a wide distribution of alkyl-and polyether chain lengths. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has joined the success of thin layer chromatography (TLC) [1,2] and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [3] for the determination of ionic surfactants. This is due to its high separation efficiency for complex mixtures and its indirect detection possibilities, if UV-inactive absorbing ionic species have to be analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis to the simultaneous analysis of anionic surfactants

Grob

Steiner

2002

Electrophoresis

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In aqueous capillary electrophoresis selectivity between different alkyl chain lengths within one anionic surfactant-group markedly exceeds selectivity between different functionalities at a given chain length. Peak identification and quantitative analysis in complex mixtures is almost impossible, especially, if the sample contains ethoxylated surfactants as well. Applying nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), significant differences in the mobilities of the various functionalities can be generated to exceed at satisfying separation. In this paper, method development of NACE systems is described and the application of these systems to anionic surfactant analysis in real sample matrices is documented.

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Planar Chromatography

Sherma

1998

Anal. Chem.

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GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSHistory, Books, Reviews, and Student Experiments. The discovery of TLC by Nikolai Izmailov and Maria Schreiber in 1938 was reviewed (A1). The first TLC book arranged by discipline contained chapters covering applications in bacteriology, plant sciences, parasitology, entomology, clinical chemistry, environmental analysis, food analysis, forensic toxicology, pharmaceutical analysis, veterinary toxicology, and analysis of skin secretions in vertebrates (A2). A book on TLC in German contained a random assortment of chapters on techniques and applications, including uses in a clinical laboratory, properties of different layers, determination of the pesticide propham, optimization of mobile phases, video densitometry, determination of PAHs in water, determination of water solubility of higher fatty acids, visualizing reagents for higher fatty acids, pharmaceutical analysis, on-line coupling of AMD and HPLC for determination of plant protection agents in water, and enzymic detection of pollutants (A3). A TLC atlas for plant drug analysis was published (A4). The fourth edition of Thin Layer Chromatography-Techniques and Applications by B. Fried and J. Sherma is in production and will be published by Marcel Dekker, Inc. in late 1998 or early 1999.Review articles were published on the following topics: instruments and techniques (A5), determination of organic compounds (A6), food analysis (A7), environmental analysis (A8), and general progress and development (A9). Other pertinent reviews are cited in the sections below.

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Separation and Characterization of Surfactants by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Characterization and quantitation of mixtures of alkyl ether sulfates and carboxylic acids by capillary electrophoresis with indirect photometric detection

Characterization and quantitation of mixtures of alkyl ether sulfates and carboxylic acids by capillary electrophoresis with indirect photometric detection

Application of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis to the simultaneous analysis of anionic surfactants

Planar Chromatography

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