Separation and characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early mRNA's

Watson, Roger J.; Preston, Chris M.; Clements, J. Barklie

doi:10.1128/jvi.31.1.42-52.1979

Cited by 155 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…RNA analysis. Cytoplasmic RNA was isolated by lysis of cells with NP40 as described previously [30]. Total RNA was prepared from 7-day-old embryoid bodies by lithium chloride lysis as described [2].…”

Section: Met Hodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of c-myb in embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonal stem cells

Dyson

Poirier²,

Watson

1989

Differentiation

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Section: Met Hodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of c-myb in embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonal stem cells

Dyson

Poirier²,

Watson

1989

Differentiation

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“…A sequential regulatory cascade of HSV gene expression occurs during productive infection in vitro (22) and is assumed to occur at the primary sites of viral infection in vivo. Immediate-early (IE or ␣) viral gene products (infected cell polypeptides 0 [ICP0], ICP4, ICP27, ICP47, and ICP22) are expressed in the absence of prior viral protein synthesis (22,23,64). Expression of these genes is required for the expression of early (or ␤) and late (or ␥) genes (9,23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression during reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from latency in the peripheral nervous system is different from that during lytic infection of tissue cultures

Tal‐Singer

Lasner

Podrzucki

et al. 1997

J Virol

108

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) replicates in peripheral tissues and forms latent infections in neurons ofthe peripheral nervous system. It can be reactivated from latency by various stimuli to cause recurrent disease. During lytic infection in tissue culture cells, there is a well-described temporal pattern of (i) immediate-early, (ii) early, and (iii) late gene expression. However, latency is characterized by little if any expression of genes of the lytic cycle of infection. During reactivation, the pattern of gene expression is presumed to be similar to that during the lytic cycle in tissue culture, though recent work of W. P. Halford et al. (J. Virol. 70:5051-5060, 1996) and P. F. Nichol et al. (J. Virol. 70:5476-5486, 1996) suggests that it is modified in neuronal cell cultures. We have used the mouse trigeminal ganglion explant model and reverse transcription-PCR to determine the pattern of viral and cellular gene expression during reactivation. Surprisingly, the pattern of viral gene expression during lytic infection of cell cultures is not seen during reactivation. During reactivation, early viral transcripts were detected before immediate-early transcripts. The possibility that a cellular factor upregulates early genes during the initial reactivation stimulus is discussed.

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“…During lytic infection, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene expression occurs as a coordinately regulated cascade and three temporal classes of genes, immediate-early (IE), early, and late, can be differentiated according to the kinetics of their expression and requirements for ongoing DNA synthesis (1,14,49). Four IE proteins, expressed in the absence of de novo protein synthesis, regulate expression of early and late viral genes (reviewed in reference 38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of herpes simplex virus poly (A) site usage and the action of immediate-early protein IE63 in the early-late switch

McGregor

Phelan

Dunlop

et al. 1996

J Virol

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101

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The essential herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early protein IE63 (ICP27) is pleiotropic in function, promoting the switch from the early to late phase of virus gene expression, and has effects on the posttranscriptional processes of mRNA splicing and 3 processing. We have investigated the role of IE63 in the regulation of viral mRNA 3 processing and of late gene expression. Our in vitro 3 processing studies demonstrated that HSV-1 infection induces an activity, which requires IE63 gene expression, responsible for an observed increase in 3 processing of selected HSV-1 poly(A) sites. Processing efficiencies at the poly(A) sites of two late genes, UL38 and UL44, shown to be inherently weak processing sites, were increased by the IE63-induced activity. In contrast, 3 processing at the poly(A) sites of selected immediate-early and early genes, stronger processing sites, was unaffected by IE63 expression. UV cross-linking experiments demonstrated that HSV infection caused enhanced binding of protein factors, including the 64-kDa component of cleavage stimulation factor (CstF), to poly(A) site RNAs from virus genes of all temporal classes and that this enhanced binding required expression of IE63. By immunofluorescence, the homogeneous pattern of the 64-kDa CstF protein distribution became slightly clumped with infection, whereas the splicing small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles were reorganized into a highly punctate distribution away from the sites of virus transcription. This effect could create an increase in the relative concentration of 3 processing factors available to pre-mRNAs. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis showed that IE63 was required for expression of several true late genes and for the efficient and timely expression of the UL29 and UL42 early genes, integral components of the viral DNA synthesis machinery. Our data are consistent with two effects of IE63 on late gene regulation: firstly, a stimulation of pre-mRNA 3 processing and, secondly, as a requirement for expression of functions necessary for viral DNA synthesis.

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Separation and characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early mRNA's

Cited by 155 publications

References 25 publications

Expression of c-myb in embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonal stem cells

Expression of c-myb in embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonal stem cells

Gene expression during reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from latency in the peripheral nervous system is different from that during lytic infection of tissue cultures

Regulation of herpes simplex virus poly (A) site usage and the action of immediate-early protein IE63 in the early-late switch

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