Separating the effects of environmental, spatial and disturbance factors on forest community structure in the Russian Far East

Cushman, Samuel A.; Wallin, David O.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00744-7

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…the pure historical fraction was computed from a partial RDA with the historical variables as explanatory variables and the environmental and spatial variables as covariables. The mixed fractions were computed by subtraction and addition of the variation fractions produced by RDA and partial RDA of particular sets of explanatory and co-variables following Cushman and Wallin (2002). The unique importance of each single explanatory variable was assessed using partial RDA with all the other 27 variables set as co-variables.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-use history affects understorey plant species distributions in a large temperate-forest complex, Denmark

2008

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In Europe, forests have been strongly influenced by human land-use for millennia. Here, we studied the importance of anthropogenic historical factors as determinants of understorey species distributions in a 967 ha Danish forest complex using 156 randomly placed 100-m 2 plots, 15 environmental, 9 spatial, and 5 historical variables, and principal components analysis (PCA), redundancy analysis (RDA) as well as indicator species analysis. The historical variables were status as ancient (1805 AD) high forest, reclaimed bogs, B100 m from Bronze Age burial mounds, or former conifer plantation, and stand age. The PCA results showed that the main gradients in species composition were strongly related to the explanatory variables. Forward variable selection and variation partitioning using RDA showed that although modern environment was the dominant driver of species composition, anthropogenic historical factors were also important. The pure historical variation fraction constituted 13% of the variation explained. The RDA results showed that ancient-forest status and, secondarily, reclaimed bog status were the only significant historical variables. Many typical forest interior species, with poor dispersal and a strong literature record as ancientforest species, were still concentrated in areas that were high forest in 1805. Among the younger forests, there were clear floristic differences between those on reclaimed bogs and those not. Apparently remnant populations of wet-soil plants were still present in the reclaimed bog areas. Our results emphasize the importance of historical factors for understanding modern vegetation patterns in forested landscapes.

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Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-use history affects understorey plant species distributions in a large temperate-forest complex, Denmark

2008

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“…In these regions, Betulaceae, especially Betula (birch) and Alnus (alder) species, frequently invade openlands created by typhoons or forest fires (Koike 1988;Kimura 1991;Grishin 1995;Cushman and Wallin 2002). If these natural disturbances increase because of climate changes, forests in which birch and/or alder are predominant will expand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic responses of birch and alder saplings grown in a free air CO2 enrichment system in northern Japan

Eguchi

Karatsu

Ueda³

et al. 2008

Trees

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Though birch and alder are the common pioneer tree species which dominate in northeast Asia, little is known about the effects of the predicted increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations ([CO 2 ]) upon their photosynthesis in field conditions. To investigate this, we grew 2-year-old saplings of three Betulaceae species (Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara, Betula maximowicziana Regel, and Alnus hirsuta Turcz) for 2 years in a free air CO 2 enrichment system in northern Japan. Since the effect of high [CO 2 ] is known to depend on soil conditions, we evaluated the responses in two soils which are widely distributed in northern Japan: infertile and immature volcanic ash (VA) soil, and fertile brown forest (BF) soil. For B. platyphylla, photosynthetic down-regulation occurred in both soils, but for B. maximowicziana, down-regulation occurred only in VA soil. The explanation is reduced nitrogen and Rubisco content in the leaf. For A. hirsuta, down-regulation occurred only in BF soil because of the accumulation of starch in foliage, which restricts CO 2 diffusion inside the chloroplast. The higher photosynthetic rate of A. hirsuta in infertile VA soil could be due to the sink for photosynthates in the N 2 -fixing symbiont. These three species are all able to down-regulate at high [CO 2 ]. However, it is possible that A. hirsuta would dominate in VA soil and B. maximowicziana in BF soil in the early stages of forest succession in a CO 2 -enhanced world.

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“…Of the environmental variables, slope had a marked effect on the floristic variance of deciduous oak dominated woods, essentially underlining that these woods are confined to areas less affected by moisture and agriculture. The 8% variance in floristic composition related to spatial variables indicated that spatial processes influence floristic composition independently of environmental characteristics and land cover classes (Cushman and Wallin 2002). The joint effect of spatial and environmental components resulted in a substantial value of explained variance, suggesting that the effects of these variables can only be partially separated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CORINE land cover and floristic variation in a Mediterranean wetland

Giallonardo

Landi

Frignani

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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The aims of the present study were to: (1) investigate whether CORINE land cover classes reflect significant differences in floristic composition, using a very detailed CORINE land cover map (scale 1:5000); (2) decompose the relationships between floristic assemblages and three groups of explanatory variables (CORINE land cover classes, environmental characteristics and spatial structure) into unique and interactive components. Stratified sampling was used to select a set of 100-m(2) plots in each land cover class identified in the semi-natural wetland surrounding a lake in central Italy. The following six classes were considered: stable meadows, deciduous oak dominated woods, hygrophilous broadleaf dominated woods, heaths and shrublands, inland swamps, canals or watercourses. The relationship between land cover classes and floristic composition was tested using several statistical techniques in order to determine whether the results remained consistent with different procedures. The variation partitioning approach was applied to identify the relative importance of three groups of explanatory variables in relation to floristic variation. The most important predictor was land cover, which explained 20.7% of the variation in plant distribution, although the hypothesis that each land cover class could be associated with a particular floristic pattern was not verified. Multi Response Permutation Analysis did not indicate a strong floristic separability between land cover classes and only 9.5% of species showed a significant indicator value for a specific land cover class. We suggest that land cover classes linked with hygrophilous and herbaceous communities in a wetland may have floristic patterns that vary with fine scale and are not compatible with a land cover map.

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Separating the effects of environmental, spatial and disturbance factors on forest community structure in the Russian Far East

Cited by 58 publications

References 12 publications

Land-use history affects understorey plant species distributions in a large temperate-forest complex, Denmark

Land-use history affects understorey plant species distributions in a large temperate-forest complex, Denmark

Photosynthetic responses of birch and alder saplings grown in a free air CO2 enrichment system in northern Japan

CORINE land cover and floristic variation in a Mediterranean wetland

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