Separating the contributions of electric and magnetic fields in deflecting the probes in proton radiography with multiple proton energies

Du, Benni; Cai, Hongbo; Zhang, Wenshuai; Wang, Xiaofang; Kang, Dongguo; Deng, Luan; Zhang, Enhao; Yao, Pei-Lin; Yan, Xin-Xin; Zou, Shiyang; Zhu, Shun‐Peng

doi:10.1063/5.0033834

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The distinct energy scalings of deflection angles due to magnetic and electric fields then allows for the degeneracy between the two fields that is characteristic of a single proton image to be overcome. Du et al (2021) recently presented an algorithm that implements this schema and also proposed a method for minimizing inaccuracies introduced by the temporal evolution of electromagnetic fields. Because both the TNSA and D 3 He proton sources characteristically produce protons with differentiated energies (see Sec.…”

Section: Advanced Algorithms and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton imaging of high-energy-density laboratory plasmas

Schaeffer,

Bott,

Borghesi

et al. 2023

Rev. Mod. Phys.

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Proton imaging has become a key diagnostic for measuring electromagnetic fields in high-energydensity (HED) laboratory plasmas. Compared to other techniques for diagnosing fields, proton imaging is a measurement that can simultaneously offer high spatial and temporal resolution and the ability to distinguish between electric and magnetic fields without the protons perturbing the plasma of interest. Consequently, proton imaging has been used in a wide range of HED experiments, from

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Section: Advanced Algorithms and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton imaging of high-energy-density laboratory plasmas

Schaeffer,

Bott,

Borghesi

et al. 2023

Rev. Mod. Phys.

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“…In the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the construction of compact laserplasma accelerators, and the generated ion beams generally have either small emittance [4], large charge [5,6] or high energy [7][8][9]. Ion sources with these properties have a wide range of applications [10] in diverse fields, such as proton radiography [11,12], tumor therapy [13,14], fast ignition [15], and the study of nuclear physics [16,17]. There are various mechanisms for laser-driven ion acceleration, including target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) [18,19], radiation pressure acceleration [20,21], collisionless shockwave acceleration [22,23], magnetic vortex acceleration (MVA) [24][25][26], Coulomb explosion [27], and so forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above-100 MeV proton beam generation from near-critical-density plasmas irradiated by moderate Laguerre–Gaussian laser pulses

Cao²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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High-quality protons have many potential applications in tumor therapy, proton radiography, fast ignition and nuclear physics. Over the past decades, signiﬁcant progress has been made in generating such proton beams with lasers. However, it is still challenging to achieve a compact proton beam with energy of hundreds of MeV under currently available laser intensities. Here, we propose a novel scheme to produce above 100 MeV protons in the nonuniform near-critical-density (NCD) plasmas driven by a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser pulse. When a linearly-polarized LG laser pulse with the intensity of ∼ 1020 W/cm2 enters the NCD plasmas with a trapezoidal density proﬁle, a donut-like double-channel structure with an electron column on the axis is produced behind the laser pulse, together with a unique, strong magnetic ﬁeld. At the end of the density plateau, the magnetic ﬁeld begins to expand in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The magnetic pressure force displaces the electrons with regard to the protons, resulting in a quasistatic electric ﬁeld Ex S. This electrostatic ﬁeld can keep robust and sustain for a long time since the magnetic ﬁeld decreases very slowly, i.e., Ex S ∝ ∇Bz 2. Thus, the protons can be accelerated by the longitudinal electrostatic ﬁeld and conﬁned by the generated transverse focusing ﬁeld. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations conﬁrmed that a well-deﬁned 100s MeV proton beam with cut-oﬀ energy at least 3.5 times larger than that of the normal Gaussian laser could be obtained, making the proton beams a potential source for tumor therapy in the future.

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“…对于更加复杂的偏转速度分布, 则可以参考Bott等 [26] 介绍的蒙日-安培法来实现任意u dy 二维分布的重建. 此外, (6) 式还需要通量密度扰动满足 , 以表示质子束径迹未发生交叉或重叠 [29] . u dy 也可以通过纹影法 [12] 获得, 即在质子源和待诊断场之间放置一个栅格, 通过读取网格的相对形变来表征探针质子在穿过磁场后的偏转速度 [31] .…”

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Self-generated magnetic field in plasma reconstructed by using inverse Abel transformation in proton radiography

Deng¹,

Du²,

Cai³

et al. 2022

Acta Phys. Sin.

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The magnetic fields generated in plasmas have inclusive influences on many processes of the inertial confinement fusion and the astrophysics. Therefore, the quantitative diagnosis of the magnetic field is quite essential. Proton radiography is a widely used experimental technique to diagnose the electric field or magnetic field in high-energy-density plasma physics. The effective interpretation of the results of proton radiography depends on the reliability and availability of the inversion method. Traditional inversion methods can only provide 1D or 2D structures of the self-generated magnetic field. In this study, it was found that there was an Abel transformation relationship between the deflection velocity and the magnetic field with column symmetry, which allowed us to reconstruct the 3D structure of the magnetic field for the first time. We theoretically deduce the process of reconstructing the cylindrical magnetic field through proton radiography with the Abel inversion algorithm. The feasibility of this method is verified by numerical simulation as well. Based on this inversion method, we reanalyzed the proton radiography experimental results of C.K. Li et al. [Nat. Commun. 7 13081(2016)] on the self-generated magnetic field of plasma jets. The inversion results show that the maximum magnetic field intensity is about 1.9 times of the traditional inversion results. We discuss a new proton radiography inversion method for the existence of magnetic fields with cylindrical symmetry in this paper, which will contribute to an intensive understanding of the self-generated electromagnetic field and its spatial-temporal evolution related to the laser fusion and the laboratory astrophysics.

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Separating the contributions of electric and magnetic fields in deflecting the probes in proton radiography with multiple proton energies

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Proton imaging of high-energy-density laboratory plasmas

Proton imaging of high-energy-density laboratory plasmas

Above-100 MeV proton beam generation from near-critical-density plasmas irradiated by moderate Laguerre–Gaussian laser pulses

Self-generated magnetic field in plasma reconstructed by using inverse Abel transformation in proton radiography

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